Phenolic acids profiles, chemical antioxidant activities (ABTS and ORAC), as well as cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of tortilla of Mexican native maize landraces elaborated from nixtamalization and lime cooking extrusion processes were studied. Both cooking procedures decreased total phenolics, chemicals antioxidant activity when compared to raw grains. Extruded tortillas retained 79.6-83.5%, 74.1-77.6% and 79.8-80.5% of total phenolics, ABTS and ORAC values, respectively, compared to 47.8-49.8%, 41.3-42.3% and 43.7-44.4% assayed in traditional tortillas, respectively. Approximately 72.5-88.2% of ferulic acid in raw grains and their tortillas were in the bound form. Regarding of the CAA initially found in raw grains, the retained percentage for traditional and extruded tortillas ranged from 47.4 to 48.7% and 72.8 to 77.5%, respectively. These results suggest that Mexican maize landrace used in this study could be considered for the elaboration of nixtamalized and extruded food products with nutraceutical potential.
The effect of extracted phenolics or spent bran added to decorticated red sorghum kernels during fuel ethanol production was studied and compared to maize and whole red and white sorghums. After liquefaction, free amino nitrogen ranged from 65 to 101 mg/l and at the end of saccharification all mashes had approx. 80 g glucose and 2-5 g maltose/100 g meal (dry basis). Saccharified worts were fermented giving 50-90 ml ethanol/l. The lowest fermentation efficiency (76%) was obtained in the white sorghum. Ethanol yields indicate that sorghum bran or its associated phenolics did not significantly affect the efficiency of the sequential steps involved in ethanol production. Red sorghum is a good alternative to maize to produce ethanol and the difference regarding white sorghum and maize was mainly due to endosperm protein structure and composition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.