Drought is one of the major environmental constrains that limit plant performance worldwide. Plant apoplast which acts as connecting link between environment and plant protoplast carries multiple functions in plant metabolism and signalling. To investigate the drought induced changes in apoplast, proteome analysis in conjunction with antioxidant enzyme activity changes were studied in chilli (Capsicum annuum L). Drought induced apoplast proteome revealed augmented phenyl alanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase activities and reduced catalase activity. LC-MS analysis of apoplast proteome revealed differential expression of proteins under water stress conditions. Up-regulation of 43 protein species which encompass stress related proteins such as defensins, peroxidises, polygalaturonase inhibitor proteins, superoxide dismutase proteins were observed. Unlike control, twenty unique protein species were identified to be present in proteome of drought treated plants. Qualitative and quantitative changes in apoplast proteome emphasize the dynamics of plant apoplast and its role in drought stress. This work would provide insights into drought induced proteomic changes in apoplast and also would prove to be useful for protein phenotyping.
Hot peppers are good source of bioactive compounds particularly phytochemicals, capsaicin, oleoresins, and rich organic micronutrients with potential health benefits. It plays an important role in diets and possesses micronutrients. Micronutrient dietary deficiency remains a massive problem in the world which may cause several chronic health diseases. More than 2 billion individuals are facing micronutrient deficiencies, viz., zinc, iodine, and iron, followed by vitamins. Among various approaches to overcome human nutrition deficiencies, a diet with fruits and vegetables that are rich in micronutrients is considered as the best solution. Hot pepper consumption worldwide is well known for its high nutritional content which in turn reduces human micronutrient deficiencies. Thus sufficient amounts of micronutrients can be provided by incorporating the nutrient-rich pepper in diet that could beneficially help in combating nutrient deficiencies. Thus, in the present chapter, an overview of the micronutrient deficiency is described, and the nutrition status of hot pepper that utilized in eradicating human micronutrient dietary deficiencies is also discussed.
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