Context: Migraine is a major dilemma and problem which affects public health and results to reduced quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of migraine in Iran.Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search was conducted using Pub Med, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, as well as Iranian databases including: MagIran, IranMedex and Scientific Information Databank, from 2000 to November, 2015. The Der-Simonian/Laird's random-effects model, with a 95% confidence interval was employed to estimate the overall pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was investigated using subgroup analysis based on sample size and time of study.Results: Thirty studies comprising 33,873 participants met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The overall prevalence of migraine in Iran was 14% (95% CI, 12% to 17%), respectively. The overall prevalence was (8%; 95% CI 6% to 11%) according to the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD-1), (17%; 95% CI 13% to 21%) according to ICHD-2, and (18%; 95% CI 7% to 30%) according to the other questionnaire for migraine screener (ID Migraine), respectively. Meta-regression demonstrated that the prevalence of migraine increased by year of publication and decreased by sample size. Conclusions:The prevalence of migraine in Iran, which was estimated as 14%, was similar or even higher than that reported worldwide. Migraine can have impact on the economic productivity of any country; therefore it is necessary to educate people on the early detection and the discovery of an effective treatment of migraine. More thorough review of further studies in this field is recommended.
Background: The present study is aimed at investigating the cooperation status between the health system and city councils and municipalities in Iran based on rules and documents.Methods: Altheide’s document analysis model (sample selection, data collection, data organization, data analysis, and reporting) was employed in order to prepare and analyze the documents pertaining to the cooperation level between the health system and municipalities and Islamic city councils. The documents were classified at three levels including the national rules, policies, and guidelines; Ministry of Health (MOH) and city council approvals; and eventually Tehran Municipality’s measures.Results: Overall, 78 documents were analyzed including 17 documents at the level of national rules, policies and guidelines; 8 documents at the level of Ministry of Health and city council approvals; and 53 documents at the level of Municipality’s measures.Conclusion: There are adequate legal capacities for designing, planning, executing, as well as creating interaction and cooperation between health system and city councils and municipalities. Moreover, the motive behind creating a purposeful and scheduled cooperation and participation is evident among the officials of health system and city councils and municipalities. Some mechanisms have been established for cross-sectoral cooperation between the health system and other health-related bodies on a cross-sectional basis, but these structures lack the necessary competence, appropriateness and adequacy to create the desired partnership, and especially sufficient attention to existing capacities in municipalities and The city council has not. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a fundamental review on the available structures and enough attention has to be paid to the evident and hidden legal capacities in city councils, and municipalities, as well as Ministry of Health to design an appropriate structure and create competent interaction and also provide more cooperation between the two organizations.
AIM: This study aimed to identify models for the participation of the city council and municipality with the health system in selected countries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in 2020 qualitatively. The countries studied were examined in terms of the following characteristics: type of political structure, type of health system, level of cooperation between local government and health system, municipal financing, type of financial participation of local government and health system, method or institution for participation Created, level of participation, local government influence on health system decisions, advantages and disadvantages of a partnership between local government and health system. Data were collected through valid databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Search engine) and website of the World Health Organization, local government, and the Ministry of Health of countries concerned and analyzed in a framework of analysis. RESULTS: Countries were divided into two groups in terms of a partnership between the health system and local governments, which had a distinct partnership between the health system and local government and without their participation. Factors that contribute to the creating and strengthening of partnerships include beliefs of health authorities and local government, the need for participation, transparency in participatory programs, designing a specific mechanism for participation, local authority, and financing joint participation plans. CONCLUSION: In countries with planned participation, citizens have better access to services. Citizens' participation, as well as the private sector, is greater in health issues. In these countries, participation in health financing by the private sector and other related agencies has increased. Planning and service delivery increases according to neighborhood needs. The variety of services provided and the use of new methods of service are more, and in these countries, the focus of the Ministry of Health on the preparation of strategies and monitoring the quality of services is increasing.
Background: The existence of partnerships between the health system and other organizations, especially city councils and municipalities, which have inherent and legal duties in this regard, is of particular importance in the promotion of public health. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the status of Health System cooperation with City councils and municipalities in Iran based on rules and documents. Methods: Altheide’s document analysis model (sample selection, data collection, data organization, data analysis, and reporting) was used to prepare and analyze the documents pertaining to the status of Health System cooperation with city councils and municipalities. The documents were classified at three levels of national rules, policies, and guidelines; Ministry of Health (MOH) and city council approvals; and eventually Tehran municipality’s measures. Results: A total of 78 documents were analyzed, including 17 documents at the level of national rules, policies, and guidelines; 8 documents at the level of Ministry of Health and city council approvals; and 53 documents at the level of municipality’s measures. Conclusion: There are adequate legal capacities for designing, planning, executing, as well as creating interaction and cooperation between the health system and other organizations, especially city councils and municipalities. Moreover, the motives behind creating purposeful and scheduled cooperation and participation are evident among the officials of the health system and city councils and municipalities. Some mechanisms have been established for cross-sectoral cooperation between the health system and other health-related bodies. Nonetheless, these structures lack the necessary competence, appropriateness, and adequacy to create the desired partnership. Moreover, sufficient attention is not devoted to existing capacities in municipalities and the city council. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a fundamental review on the available structures and enough attention has to be paid to the evident and hidden legal capacities in city councils and municipalities, as well as the Ministry of Health, to design an appropriate structure, create competent interaction, and provide more cooperation between the two organizations.
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