The present study examined the effect of water extract (200 mg/kg body weight) of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The hepatoprotective effects were investigated in the liver tissues sections. There was a significant increase in serum liver biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of total protein and albumin in the STZ-induced rats when compared with that of the normal group. The high-dose treatment group (200 mg/kg body wt) significantly restored the elevated liver function enzymes near to normal. This study revealed that rosemary extracts exerted a hepatoprotective effect. The results indicate that the extract exhibits the protective effect on tissues and prove its potentials as an antidiabetic agent.

Investigation of functional hepatoprotective components from plants origin is a new model for drug evolution. The study examined the protective effects of Arabic gum (AG) induction on liver serum markers, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue against trichloroacetate (TCA) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Also, the chemical constituents and antioxidant assay of aqueous extract of AG was determined. TCA at the dose of 50 mg/kg for 2 months produced hepatotoxicity as examined by the significant increase of serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and conjugated bilirubin level in the TCA treated animals alone and decrease in total protein and albumin levels. Pretreatment with AG aqueous extract (0.5 g/kg/day) significantly (P< 0.05) lowered the serum enzyme activities and increased in total proteins and albumin level. The antioxidant studies showed that the activities of hepatic SOD, CAT and GPx were decreased in TCA induced animals with significantly elevated in MDA content which is reversed in pretreatment with aqueous extract of AG. Histopathology of the liver sections confirmed that the AG extract ameliorated hepatic damage induced by TCA. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that AG supplementation for 2 months in TCA induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

Background/Aims: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process in the chronically injured liver. Clinical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is of considerable interest for wound healing and regeneration. In view of the regeneration effect of PRP, we designed this study to explore the hypothesis that PRP could play a role in improving the biochemical and molecular changes that occur in liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Methods: Four groups were studied: control, PRP control, DMN (liver fibrosis), and DMN+PRP groups. Serum liver enzymes (alanine amino transferase ALT, aspartate amino transferase AST, gamma glutamyl transferase GGT, and lactate dehydrogenase LDH), and liver hydroxyproline content were measured colorimetrically.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) ,transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and nuclear factor kappa B1(NF-қB1) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our results showed that PRP markedly improved the DMN-induced changes in liver enzymes accompanied by a significant decrease in liver hydroxyproline content and IL-8 level induced by DMN, and an increase in the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. PRP also showed significant down-regulation of fibrosis-related genes α-SMA and TGF-β and a significant decrease in the inflammatory marker NF-қB1. Conclusion: Based on these encouraging results, we consider that PRP could be a promising new agent for liver regeneration and alleviation of fibrosis.

As the ninth leading cause of death globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be the worst chronic metabolic disease requiring an enormous need for healthcare with over 578 million expected cases by 2023. Several recent findings have demonstrated that mediating the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase, could be a potential strategy for managing the development of DM. In the presented study, a novel set of 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The antidiabetic activity of the synthesized compounds was explored by assessing their inhibitory activity toward α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The results demonstrated that this class of compounds exhibits considerable inhibitory activity toward both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 5a demonstrated the most inhibitory activity with IC50 of 5.08 and µg/mL and 0.21 µg/mL toward α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, respectively, as compared to the drug Acarbose (IC50 =5.76 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL, respectively). To gain insights into the antidiabetic potential of compound 5a, we assessed the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Our findings indicated that compound 5a displays considerable cytotoxicity toward WI-38 cells with an IC50 of 88.54 µg/mL, as compared to the drug Celecoxib (IC50 =93.05 µg/mL). Further, compound 5a exhibited a high scavenging activity toward 2,2-Diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals (IC50 = 51.75 µg/mL) and showed a low potential to produce ROS as indicated by the monitoring of the generated H2O2 (132.4 pg/mL), as compared to Trolox (IC50 =58.09 µg/mL) and Celecoxib (171.6 pg/mL). Finally, we performed extensive molecular modeling studies to affirm the binding affinity of this class of compounds to the binding pocket of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Collectively, our findings indicate that this class of compounds, particularly compound 5a, could be utilized as a lead structure for the development of novel compounds with potential antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.

Aim: food additives are substances of natural or synthetic origin, which are added to foods to serve a certain technological or sensory function. this work was aimed to investigate the effects of individual and combined treatment of artificial food additives on oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters in male juvenile albino rats. Exparimental Design:Thirty youngmale albino rats weighing around 90-110 gm. were divided into six groups (5 /cage); Group I: (Control untreated group), Group II: treated with MSG (300mg/kg), Group III: treated with Sodium benzoate (5mg /kg), Group IV: treat with Carmoisine (4mg/kg), Group V: treated with EDTA (2.5mg/kg), Group VI: treated with mixture of MSG (300/kg), Carmosine (4mg/kg), Sodium benzoate (5mg/kg) and EDTA (2.5 mg/ kg) simultaneously. All the treatments for 28 days. Results:The obtained results revealed elevation in oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde MDA and protein carbonyl PC in individually treated MSG and sodium benzoate and remarkable in mixture group. Significant reduction in catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione content were recorded in individually treated groups and pronounced in mixture group.Concolusion: food additives affect adversely on oxidative stress and antioxidant markers that may cause adverse health effects. It is advisable to limit the uses of commodities containing these additives.

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The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza against Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) induced liver and kidney toxicity in rats. Twenty eight adults Wister albino male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Group 1 served as control, while group 2 received SM extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight; group 3 was treated with 50 mg/kg/day TCA by gavage daily. Group 4 received the extract at 200 mg/kg body weight and 50 mg/kg/day TCA for two months. A significant increase was observed in liver function, kidney function and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels among the TCA administered animals compared to normal control. Daily oral administration of SM normalized most biochemical changes observed among the TCA treated animals. Histopathologically, higher amount of mononuclear cells infiltration, necrotic cells and few fibroblasts were observed in liver and kidney of TCA treated group. The administration of Salvia Miltiorrhiza extract regulates and decreases liver and kidney damage.

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