Overall, there seems to be no significant difference between the postoperative PROs in terms of isolated MAT and combined MAT. However, more data are required to verify the effects of osteotomy and cartilage procedures on the clinical outcomes of MAT. We could not draw conclusions about the differences in complication, reoperation, survivorship, and failure rates between the 2 groups because we did not obtain sufficient data.
An effective lattice engineering method to simultaneously control the defect structure and the porosity of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was developed by adjusting the elastic deformation and chemical interactions of the nanosheets during the restacking process. The enlargement of the intercalant size and the lowering of the charge density were effective in increasing the content of oxygen vacancies and enhancing the porosity of the stacked nanosheets via layer thinning. The defect-rich Co−Al-LDH−NO 3 − nanohybrid with a small stacking number exhibited excellent performance as an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst and supercapacitor electrode with a large specific capacitance of ∼2230 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , which is the largest capacitance of carbon-free LDH-based electrodes reported to date. Combined with the results of density functional theory calculations, the observed excellent correlations between the overpotential/capacitance and the defect content/stacking number highlight the importance of defect/stacking structures in optimizing the energy functionalities. This was attributed to enhanced orbital interactions with water/hydroxide at an increased number of defect sites. The present cost-effective lattice engineering process can therefore provide an economically feasible methodology to explore high-performance electrocatalyst/electrode materials.
Retrograde BMP trans-synaptic signaling is essential for synaptic development. Despite the importance of endocytosis-regulated BMP receptor (BMPR) control of this developmental signaling, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that Abelson interactor (Abi), a substrate for Abl kinase and component of the SCAR/WAVE complex, links Abl and Rac1 GTPase signaling to BMPR macropinocytosis to restrain BMP-mediated synaptic development. We find that Abi acts downstream of Abl and Rac1, and that BMP ligand Glass bottom boat (Gbb) induces macropinocytosis dependent on Rac1/SCAR signaling, Abl-mediated Abi phosphorylation, and BMPR activation. Macropinocytosis acts as the major internalization route for BMPRs at the synapse in a process driven by Gbb activation and resulting in receptor degradation. Key regulators of macropinocytosis (Rabankyrin and CtBP) control BMPR trafficking to limit BMP trans-synaptic signaling. We conclude that BMP-induced macropinocytosis acts as a BMPR homeostatic mechanism to regulate BMP-mediated synaptic development.
Abstract. Chemical effects on the size-resolved hygroscopicity of urban
aerosols were examined based on the Korea–US Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, 2020) field campaign data. The
information on size-resolved hygroscopicity and the chemical composition of
aerosols were obtained by a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility
analyzer (HTDMA) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass
spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. Good correspondence was shown
between measured and estimated κ values calculated from the
combination of bulk chemical composition data and oxidation parameters of
organic aerosols (f44 and O∕C). These results imply that chemical
composition is closely associated with aerosol hygroscopicity. However, the
correlation between measured and estimated κ values degraded as
particle size decreased, implying that size-resolved chemical composition
data are required for more detailed hygroscopicity analysis. In addition to
size-resolved chemical data, the m∕z tracer method was applied for
size-resolved organic factors. Specifically, m∕z 57 and 44 were used as AMS
spectral markers for hydrocarbon-like
organic aerosol (HOA) and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), respectively. These size-resolved chemical
composition data were found to be critical in explaining size-dependent
hygroscopicity, as well as the diurnal variation in κ for small
particles, i.e., low κ in the morning and high κ in the
afternoon. Additionally, aerosol mixing state information was associated
with the size-resolved chemical composition data. That is to say that the relationship
between the number fraction of each hygroscopicity mode and the volume fraction
of different chemical composition was investigated. For example, the HOA
volume fraction comprised about 60 % of the variation in less hygroscopic
(LH) mode number fractions for externally mixed aerosols.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.