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Sustainable groundwater management in water-scarce countries is a pragmatic example of the necessity to guide future decision-making processes by simultaneously considering local needs, environmental problems and economic development. For these reasons the new socio-hydrogeological approach, Bir Al-Nas, proposed by Re (2015), has been tested in the Grombalia region (Cap Bon Peninsula, Tunisia), to evaluate the effectiveness of `complementing hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological investigations by considering the social dimension of the issue at stake. Within this approach the social appraisal, performed through Social Network Analysis and public engagement of water endusers, allowed hydrogeologists to get acquainted with the institutional dimension of local groundwater management, identifying issues, potential gaps, such as weak knowledge transfer among concerned stakeholders, and the key actors likely to support the implementation of new science-based management practices resulting from the ongoing hydrogeological investigation. Results hence go beyond the specific relevance for the Grombaila basin, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the importance to include social 2 assessment in any given hydrogeological research aimed at supporting local development through groundwater protection measures.

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This paper presents the inclusion of the soil-vegetationatmosphere interactions in a proven conceptual model. This new scheme simulates the daily streamflows over small catchments by taking into account the average characteristics of the surface (soil and vegetation) for the calculation of actual evaporation and évapotranspiration. The model also simulates the daily evolution of soil moisture in two layers: the surface layer representing the first ten centimetres of the soil and the bulk layer representing the root zone. The results of the model calibration on a test site, and the results of the model validation on 36 watersheds, show its good capability to simulate streamflows and soil moisture in the surface layer and in the bulk soil layer. These first results are very encouraging and open the possibility of using these quantities for hydrological applications.

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