Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection is based on the contrast in the electrical properties of healthy fatty breast tissues. This paper presents an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands comparative study of five microstrip patch antennas for microwave imaging at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The choice of one antenna is made for an antenna array composed of 8 antennas for a microwave breast imaging system. Each antenna element is arranged in a circular configuration so that it can be directly faced to the breast phantom for better tumor detection. This choice is made by putting each antenna alone on the Breast skin to study the electric field, magnetic fields and current density in the healthy tissue of the breast phantom designed and simulated in Ansoft High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS).
In this paper, an electrical model is developed to represent the input admittance of an antenna array with a finite number of elements. This model consists of an RLC bock component to represent the input admittance of each elementary antenna element and a capacity component to represent different degrees of antenna coupling effects. The equations based on cavity model are developed to represent physical meaning of each model. Numerical results show that good accuracy for the simulation results can be obtained by using this electrical model to the results obtained by using HFSS. As the array is large and sparse, a very small amount of computation can yield good accuracy. This model is shown not only to be numerically efficient compared to the full wave analysis using the moment method, but also to give physical insight into the antenna array mutual coupling mechanism. Furthermore, this model has no limitation on antenna array geometry and excitation.
The advanced design of a 10 × 1 linear antenna array system with the capability of frequency tunability using GT3-23001 liquid crystal (LC) is proposed. The design for this reconfigurable wideband antenna array for 5G applications at Ka-band millimeter-wave (mmw) consists of a double layer of stacked patch antenna with aperture coupled feeding. The bias voltage over LC varies from 0 V to 10.6 V to achieve a frequency tunability of 1.18 GHz. The array operates from 25.3 GHz to 33.8 GHz with a peak gain of 19.2 dB and a beamwidth of 5.2˚ at 30 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable antenna array represents a real and efficient solution for the recent and future mmw 5G networks. The proposed antenna is suitable for 5G base stations in stadiums, malls and convention centers. It is proper for satellite communications and radars at mmw.
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