BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM). ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethodsThis cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40 and 75 years and with a duration of the evolution of diabetes that is greater than five years admitted in endocrinology consultation of the Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. For each patient, we collected clinical characteristics and biological assessments. All subjects provided screening test results as defined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). ResultsWe included a total of 100 patients with diabetes between May and September 2021. The median age of the patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR): 59-70 years), 65% were males, and the median duration of diabetes was 15 years (IQR: 9-20 years). The most common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were hypertension (72.7%) and dyslipidemia (53%). The most common complications of diabetes were peripheral neuropathy (50%), diabetic retinopathy (DR) (39%), peripheral artery disease (33%), and coronary artery disease (27%). Cognitive impairment was present in 47.5% of our patients. For the multivariate analysis, we found that the decrease in the MMSE score is associated with the increase in age (p-value = 0.004) and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (p-value < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p-value = 0.006), and elevated creatinine (p-value < 0.001). ConclusionIt is necessary to consider the cognitive decline of patients with diabetes as one of the most important complications of this disease because of its impact on the evolution and compliance of these patients.
The existence of alveolar processes and the integrity of the maxillae outside of a specific pathological process are linked to the presence of teeth. The aging process is most often accompanied, at the buccal level, by a narrowing of the prosthetic corridor in relation to the importance of bone resorption and the invasion of peripheral elements. Thus, we are and will be confronted more and more with complete edentulous patients, presenting a very strong resorption of the alveolar processes, even of the osseous bases, which will increase proportionally the difficulties of obtaining a good retention and good stability of the prostheses.Our work aims to review the various means available to us to prevent bone resorption, throughout the stages of prosthetic and post-prosthetic realization.
Introduction: Chondrosarcoma includes several anatomoclinical forms of tumors with cartilaginous histogenesis.It is a malignant tumor whose tumor cells are associated with a cartilage matrix.Case report: We present the case of a patient with stage 1 chondrosarcoma of the proximal part of the left fibula.The patient underwent a proximal fibula resection with a favorable outcome.Conclusion: Resection of tumors of the proximal fibula may cause knee instability, peroneal palsy through involvement of the external popliteal sciatic nerve or with local radiotherapy, a higher risk of delayed healing and the occurrence of fracture. Despite the risks of resection of the proximal fibula, good functional results can be obtained.
Introduction: The avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity represent a rare model of injury that is caused by a powerful tension force of the Achilles tendon associated or not to direct shock to the calcaneusCase report: We report a case of direct trauma to the heel on the edge of the swimming pool at the sport stroke of swimming.Percutaneous reduction by bone reduction forceps under fluoroscopy fluoroscopy with osteosynthesis by two percutaneous cannula screws on Kirchner wires. Equine cast immobilization after removal of the threads. Good clinical and functional radiological evolution.Conclusion: The percutaneous screw under fluoroscopy is the best technique with good results anatomical and functional and aesthetic.
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