This study was conducted to identify the degree to which the objectives of higher secondary level national curriculum of Education were aligned with the textbooks in Punjab- Pakistan. The study was done by reviewing the national curriculum of Education and Textbooks for grade XI and XII so as to find the degree of alignment. The quantitative analysis was done by using Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) method. In quantitative analysis the content of the textbook was analyzed with respect to student learning outcomes [SLOs] given in the curriculum. It was found that content in the Education-XI and XII textbook were not aligned to a desired level. Alignment Index (AI) of Education XI and XII textbook were 0.61 and 0.50 respectively. This misalignment was not same for all the categories of cognitive domain. The outcomes of the study revealed that there were some gap between curriculum and textbooks. The study lays great implications in the sense that it provides feedback to curriculum developers and textbook writers to consider alignment between curriculum objectives and textbook content. The study suggests adequate training for the curriculum and textbook developers to ensure alignment between national curriculum and textbooks.
Universities are imprving their policies and curriculum to meet the changing needs of job market. At the same time the employers look complaining about the skills and the characteristics a graduate comes with for employment. Considering this, underlying research investigates the glimpses of development of employability skills in curriculum of discipline of economics implemented in higher education institutions of province of Punjab. For the purpose of fulfillment of the aim of study, this research adopted the qualitative research design. The proposed study has explored, by content analysis, role of higher education institutions, and curriculum of economics to address development of employability skills in graduates in universities. By using qualitative interpretive design, sub themes were sorted out followed by broader themes. Broader themes emerged from sub themes. The study explored that regarding development of most of the skills, the curriculum of economics had suitable content . Moreover curriculum has enough content to meet educational needs of students with diversity. A few needs of students regarding employability skills remained unfulfilled. The study recommended for teachers to have increased understanding of students needs to practice good pedagogy and revise curriculum to fulfill their academic needs as well as to increase the employability skills by universities in Pakistan.
The major objective of the article is to find out the students’ perception on effectiveness of teaching learning process at higher secondary schools in Bahawalpur, Punjab. A randomly selected group of 545 students of intermediate classes (1st and 2nd year) from the six government higher secondary schools of Bahawalpur district responded on a four points agree/disagree Likert type scale through personal visits of the researcher to the data sights. Seven factors (Infrastructure, nature of relationship, teaching learning process, school environment, school management, discipline and co-curricular activities) solution with 47% of common variance was accepted as a result of Principle component analysis with Varimax rotation. All the factors explained 47% of total variance. Cronbach Alpha value remained more than 0.7 for all the cases. Strongly agreed and agreed responses on each item of the factor and then factor on the whole merged together to give rise agree frequency whereas addition of strongly disagree and disagree frequencies resulted disagree set of responses. The percentages of both the set of responses were calculated. Independent sample t test and one way ANOVA were run to work out the demographic effects. The results showed that more than sixty percent students were agreed about actively participating in learning activities, teachers help students to solve their learning problems, practice new skill of teaching in the classroom, institution building is neat and clean, priority of school is cleanliness, IT sources are sufficiently used in the school, coordinate with parents regarding learning of students and use variety of co-curricular activities for developing personality of students
American President Barak Obama said on Third Annual White House Science Fair in April 2013 that “One of the things that I’ve been focused on as President is how we create an all-hands-on-deck approach to science, technology, engineering, and math… We need to make this a priority to train an army of new teachers in these subject areas and to make sure that all of us as a country are lifting up these subjects for the respect that they deserve”. This single part of the speech pinpoint the importance of STEM education and backbone of it “Teachers”. Cross disciplinary appeals have manifold appeals. Same is in the field of school education. Once it’s a time, science has a leading role at elementary and secondary school level. Then engineering becomes the prominent figure but when technology comes, all other fields merged in it. Mathematics remains the mother of all subjects. Now, it’s a time of STEM integrated education where STEM is the acronym of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. STEM is not only confined to an acronym but also leads to the change of education system or approach from the root level. Presented study aimed at to highlight the secondary school teachers’ perception regarding STEM education. As it’s a new and novel concept, so not a big deal of work has done on it. So, existing literature was analyzed systematically to highlight the importance, challenges and future of STEM education which surely helpful to introduce in the developing countries like Pakistan. Presented study just focused on the perception and viewpoints of teachers who are working at elementary or secondary school level. Study concluded that teachers are highly motivated and confident for the STEM integrated education but there is a dire need to give suitable policy for this new trend of education which ultimately addresses the issues of curriculum, pedagogy, learning environment, career developers and future of the learners
Governance system of any country let it clear to the other nations about the socio-economic culture and economic development of it. In the world, there are two major governance systems are under the practice: democracy and autocracy. Pakistan is one among very few countries who came into being on the name of religion. And according to its constitution it is a democratic country but unfortunately it remains governed by army or civil autocratic. Keeping in mind the same context, this study was designed. In addition, Pakistan is the second biggest country whose more than 60% population is based on the youth. So, study’s major focus is on youth’s and especially the youth which is the part of universities and with their perception, it was determined whether they percept Pakistan as a democratic country or autocratic? To achieve the aim of the study, quantitative research design was adopted, and survey technique was used. The study is delimited to southern Punjab region of Pakistan. All public sector universities of this region were the population of the study. By adopting multistage sampling technique, from each university 10 departments and from each department 10 (05 male and 05 female) students were targeted. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire have three parts and each part is analyzed separately. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS (Version 21). The study has meaningful results and findings.
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