Inverted hyperplastic polyp (IHP) is a rare disease characterized by the downward growth of proliferative mucosal components into the submucosal layer. It is often misdiagnosed as other submucosal tumors and accurate diagnosis requires pathological examination. Most patients with IHP have no clinical symptoms and some have non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain and even anemia. IHP is treated via endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic sub-mucosal section. The present study reported a case of IHP and discussed its clinical manifestations, clinicopathological diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment to improve our understanding of the disease.
The present study describes a rare case of glioblastoma with a primitive neuronal component (GBM-PNC), and provides an in-depth analysis of the clinical, pathological and differential diagnostic findings. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to enhance the understanding of GBM-PNC, revealing its distinct characteristics and prognostic implications. A 57-year-old woman presented with acute onset headache, nausea and vomiting, leading to the identification of an intracranial mass through magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical resection revealed the coexistence of a glial component and a PNC within the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis detected the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the glial component and synaptin in the PNC. The pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of GBM-PNC. Gene detection analysis revealed no mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2, and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (NTRK1), NTRK2 and NTRK3 genes. GBM-PNC is characterized by a propensity for recurrence and metastasis, with a low 5-year survival rate. The present case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive characterization of GBM-PNC to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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