Twenty-two adult diabetic patients with clinical suspicion of foot and/or ankle infection were prospectively evaluated using radiography, technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scanning (99mTc), indium-111-labeled leukocyte scanning (111In), and gallium-67 scanning (67Ga) to determine the presence of clinically suspected osteomyelitis. Biopsy for culture and histology was performed in 16 patients. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis was confirmed by biopsy in 12 patients. The remaining 10 patients had no evidence of osteomyelitis with long-term follow-up. 99mTc was shown to be of limited valued when used alone in these patients with peripheral neuropathy. 67Ga, either alone or in combination with 99mTc bone scanning, was of little diagnostic value and gave no additional information that was not available from 111In. The combination of three-phase 99mTc and 111In had the highest diagnostic efficacy (100% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 91% accuracy), followed closely by 111In alone (100% sensitivity, 70% specificity, and 86% accuracy). We conclude that for adult diabetic patients with clinical suspicion of osteomyelitis but no radiographic findings of that disease, 111In alone is an appropriate nuclear medicine evaluation for ruling out infection if it is negative. However, if an area of 111In white blood cell uptake is present, a "simultaneous" 99mTc is often helpful in providing the anatomic correlation to differentiate osteomyelitis from infection that is limited to soft tissue.
Soluble circulating proteins play an important role in the regulation of mating behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. However, how these factors signal through the blood–brain barrier (bbb) to interact with the sex-specific brain circuits that control courtship is unknown. Here we show that male identity of the blood–brain barrier is necessary and that male-specific factors in the bbb are physiologically required for normal male courtship behavior. Feminization of the bbb of adult males significantly reduces male courtship. We show that the bbb–specific G-protein coupled receptor moody and bbb–specific Go signaling in adult males are necessary for normal courtship. These data identify sex-specific factors and signaling processes in the bbb as important regulators of male mating behavior.
Communication is the best tool to successfully achieve an objective of any intervention focused on solving public health issues. In public health there exist many communication strategies but the most effective is the storytelling communication strategy. Story telling is a way in which message is conveyed to people in the form of narrating stories. The mode of story telling can be electronic, verbal or printed form. In past decade mode of communication has evolved. Hence the recent development in technology has come up with potential storytelling modes of communication used in public health intervention. Digital storytelling, Virtual games, Photo voice as well as social media applications have provided a platform to both the community and the health practitioners to share health information. Several modes of communication bridge the gap between the practitioner as well as patients, and modern technology is one of it. The paper describes some of the modern storytelling communication strategies used in public health interventions so far.The Internet is the major source of the platform, the modern technology used in storytelling has inherited flaws in it. The mode of storytelling though being effective is not user-friendly to all age groups. Future studies in this field are required to discuss the potential options regarding storytelling interventions. The need of developing optimized communication material in a form which is user-friendly to all age group should be addressed in future research studies.
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