The aerial part of Thymelaea hirsuta (TH) is used as decoction in the treatment of different pathologies in folk medicine in Morocco. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of toxicity of an aqueous extract of TH and its hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4 -induced hepatic injury in rats. In the acute study, there were no signs of toxicity observed after oral administration of single dose of the extract (5 g/kg body weight). In the sub-chronic dose study, (given by gavages (4 ml/kg) to Wistar rats daily at: 0.0 g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks) no variation on biochemical parameters; serum glucose, creatinine and urea levels was observed compared to the control group. However, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were markedly decreased (P < 0.05 and P<0.001 respectively) as compared to the controls. There were no significant differences in red blood cells count (p<0.05), in Hemoglobin and Hematocrit serum levels but a significant increase in white blood cells count (p<0.001) and in platelets (p< 0.05) for all doses tested. Histopathological examination of the liver, spleen and kidneys tissues at the end of the study showed normal architecture. The elevated serum enzymatic activities of ALAT and ASAT, due to carbon tetrachloride treatment (1 ml/kg CCl 4 every 72 h during 15 days) were restored towards normalization by the plant extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of liver sections. The results indicate that this plant possesses no toxicity effects but hepatoprotective properties.
Background:Caralluma europaea (CE) has been studied for its chemical constituents, and no information is available on its toxicity or its pharmacological activities.Objective:To determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of CE stems in vitro and in vivo after acute and subchronic oral gavages in Swiss albino's mice and its immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities.Materials and Methods:The extract was administrated in single oral dose at 5 g/kg body weight for the acute toxicity test and by gavages daily at doses of 1, 2.5, or 5 g/kg for 30 consecutive days for the subchronic toxicity test. The immunomodulatory activities and inflammatory activities were tested by the evaluation of hemagglutination antibodies (HAs) titers and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response.Results:For the dose of 1 g/kg, no visible toxic effects were observed. However, for the higher doses, clinical observations of toxicity were noted after 1 week of treatment. This was confirmed by the biochemical parameters values and the histology analyses of the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. The high cellular mortality rate in vitro when treated with CE extract confirmed their toxicity potential. There was also increase of “HA titer” and “DTH” response in mice treated with nontoxic dose of CE (1 g/kg) compared to control group. This immune activity was confirmed by the high number of lymphocytes infiltrates noted in the different organs.Conclusion:We conclude that CE at the dose up of 1 g/kg produced toxic effect in mice that induced an immune inflammatory reaction.SUMMARY Caralluma europaea (CE) has been studied for its chemical constituents, and no information is available on its toxicity or its pharmacological activities. The objective is to determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of CE stems in vitro and in vivo after acute and subchronic oral gavages in Swiss albino's mice and its immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities. For the dose of 1 g/kg, no visible toxic effects were observed. However, for the higher doses, clinical observations of toxicity were noted after 1 week of treatment. This was confirmed by the biochemical parameters values and the histology analyses of the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. The high cellular mortality rate in vitro confirmed their toxicity potential. There was also increase of “hemagglutination antibody titer” and “delayed-type hypersensitivity” response in mice treated with nontoxic dose of CE (1 g/kg) compared to control group. This immune activity was confirmed by the high number of lymphocytes infiltrates noted in the different organs. We conclude that CE at the dose up of 1 g/kg produced toxic effect in mice that induced an immune inflammatory reaction. Abbreviations Used: CE: Caralluma europaea, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, RRBCs: Rat red blood cells, DTH: Delayed-type hypersensitivity response, PBS: Phosphate buffer solution.
Background: The fruit of Ziziphus Lotus L. (ZL) is rich in bioactive components. It is known for its high content in polyphenols which gives it its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Objective: The intent of the current study was to evaluate, in vivo, the effect of the aqueous extract of ZL fruit’s pulp on humoral immune response as well as its effect on neutrophils’ bactericidal activities, hemolytic and antioxidant and activities. Methods: The antioxidant activity of ZL’s aqueous extract’s was evaluated using DPPH. Hemmagglutination titer assay was used to evaluate the effect of the extract on humoral immune response. ZL extract’s hemolytic activity was assessed by enumerating hemoglobin rates. The effect of ZL extract on the bactericidal activity of Neutrophils was evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay. Results / Discussion: A significant (P<0.05) immunosuppressive effect on humoral immunity (6-fold) was observed. Significant suppression (P<0.05) of the bactericidal activity of neutrophils treated with 0.5 and 1 g/ml of the extract was observed compared to untreated neutrophils. The extract exhibited a high antioxidant activity determined by DPPH test with an IC50 value 10-fold higher (P<0.05) than the IC50 of ascorbic acid. The highest hemolytic activity was found with the lowest concentration of the extract while the higher concentrations tested seem to have an anti-hemolytic activity with a dose dependent effect. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of ZL’s fruit pulp possesses an immunosuppressive activity on both the innate and adaptive immunity responses. Our results demonstrate an anti-oxidative activity as well as an ability to decrease neutrophil bactericidal hemolytic activities as well as humoral immune responses.
Introduction: The use of plants in traditional medicine goes back to antiquity and still represents an essential part of the Moroccan health care system due to their effectiveness. Although Zea mays (ZM) silks are considered as waste products, they are consumed for their medicinal properties. They are rich in bioactive components, giving them a wide range of uses as remedies. The aim of this study was to evaluate after a phytochemical screening, the effect of ZM silk aqueous extract on humoral immune response, on Neutrophil bactericidal, antioxidants and hemolytic activities. Methods: The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH. Hemagglutination titer assay was used to evaluate the effect on humoral immunity. Hemolytic effect of ZM was evaluated by quantifying hemoglobin rates. The effect on Neutrophil bactericidal activity was assessed using MTT colorimetric assay. Results: The extract exhibited high quantity of saponins and flavones; a high antioxidant activity (IC50: 247,15 vs. control 0,152 mg/ml), a significant (p<0, 05) immunosuppressive effect in vivo on titer values of antibodies (80 times) as well as an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. A significant suppression of Neutrophil bactericidal activity of cells treated with 0, 5 and 1g/ml of ZM extract was observed. It also exhibited a significant dose-dependent anti-hemolytic activity with the lowest hemolytic activity was found with the lowest concentrations of the extract. Conclusion: Our results indicate that aqueous extract of ZM silk possess antioxidant, anti-hemolytic activity as well as an immunosuppressive activity by decreasing humoral immune and Neutrophil bactericidal responses.
The current study was carried out at the level of the Ourika valley which is located 35 km from Marrakech and which is one of the most famous tourist sites in Morocco, in order to monitor the pollution status of the area and its impact on public health.Sampling was carried out seasonally at seven areas of the basin for the biological study (substrate samples) and at four areas for the microbiological study (water samples). The choice of areas is linked to accessibility and socio-economic activities near each area.The region is characterized by a fairly significant taxonomic richness (28 taxa identified, grouped into 6 major Orders: Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Odonata), with less diversification in 2017 with the disappearance of five families (Hydrophylidae, Chaoboridae, Psychodidae, Ephydridae and Ephemerellidae), which could be due to the poor water quality recorded in certain areas according to the Normalized Global Biological Index, Biotic Index of New Caledonia and BioSedimentary Index.Regarding the bacteriological quality of groundwater intended for domestic consumption, the latter was found to contaminate with various faecal germs, with rates exceeding the standards with a maximum of 25x103 CFU / 100 mL for coliforms, 700 CFU / 100 mL for streptococci and 14 * 103 CFU / 20 mL for clostridiums.Following its results, good monitoring and management of resources is more than necessary to preserve biodiversity and the health of the local population.
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