Aim: To study the anamnesis, development parameters and health condition in the first year of life of the children conceived by IVF. Materials and Methods: 116 children born by IVF and 46 children born in natural pregnancy were examined. Results: In most cases of our study, children after IVF were born prematurely from women with a bad obstetric and gynecological history and had a low birth weight. The period of early adaptation in premature infants born after assisted reproductive technologies was complicated by respiratory distress syndrome. Most often the children after IVF had such pathologies as central nervous system damage, deficiency anemia and minor anomalies of heart development in the neonatal period. Compared with children born in natural pregnancy, infectious diseases were more often detected in newborns after IVF. The development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly more frequent in children after IVF within a month of life. At six months, most of the IVF babies had low parameters of physical development, whereas weight and growth indicators did not differ significantly from the general population indicators by the first year of life. Most of the children born after IVF had neurological outcomes, such as delayed psychomotor development, malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system, convulsive syndrome by the year of life. Conclusion: Children born after IVF have features of somatic status, neuropsychiatric and physical development, which indicates the need for targeted monitoring and continued research in this group of children to minimize health risks.
Широкое распространение и совершенствование репродуктивных технологий требуют более пристального и целенаправленного изучения результатов. Наравне с безусловными достижениями в экстракорпоральном оплодотворении остается много нерешенных вопросов, связанных с состоянием здоровья новорожденных. Важно получить всестороннюю оценку состояния здоровья детей, рожденных посредством экстракорпорального оплодотворения, и иметь возможность составлять прогнозы. На сегодняшний день количество таких исследований немногочисленно. Целью публикации является изложение результатов наблюдения и обследования в амбулаторных условиях детей, рожденных путем экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Проводились клинико-диагностическое обследование новорожденных, изучение историй родов и медицинских карт стационарного и амбулаторного наблюдения детей, рожденных посредством экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Получены результаты анализа медицинской документации и осмотров 55 детей, рожденных в городе Астрахани за период 2018-2020 г. после экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Установлено, что большинство детей было от многоплодной беременности и преобладали мальчики. Отмечены особенности периода течения беременности – носительство цитомегаловируса, вируса простого герпеса, гестационный сахарный диабет, токсикоз, преэклампсия, сроки гестации. Около трети наблюдаемых детей были из числа недоношенных и имели низкую массу тела (средняя величина – 1750 граммов). Изучены варианты патологии центральной нервной, сердечно-сосудистой и легочной систем. В изучаемой группе обнаружено достоверное большинство врожденной патологии формирования овального окна сердца – 91% и анемии новорожденных. У недоношенных детей преобладали нейроциркуляторные нарушения, ретинопатии, преретинопатии, железодефицитные анемии. Указано на недостаток информации в медицинских учреждениях первичного звена по месту жительства ребенка и необходимость преодоления морально-этических, а также социальных и религиозных противоречий с помощью персонала отделений катамнеза и поддержки специалистов-психологов. The wide dissemination and improvement of reproductive technologies requires a closer and more focused study of the results. Along with unconditional achievements in in vitro fertilization, there are many unresolved issues related to the health of newborns. It is important to get a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children born through in vitro fertilization and be able to make predictions. To date, there are few such studies. The purpose of the publication is to present the results of observation and examination on an outpatient basis of children born by in vitro fertilization. A clinical diagnostic examination of newborns was carried out, a study of the birth histories and medical records of inpatient and outpatient monitoring of children born through in vitro fertilization. The results of the analysis of medical records and examinations of 55 children born in the city of Astrakhan for the period 2018-2020 after in vitro fertilization were obtained. It was found that the majority of children were from multiple pregnancies and male children predominated. The features of the period of pregnancy were noted – the carriage of cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, gestational diabetes mellitus, toxicosis, «preeclampsia», gestational age. About a third of the observed children were among the preterm and had a low body weight (average value – 1750 grams). Variants of the pathology of the central nervous system, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems were studied. In the study group, a significant majority of congenital pathology of the formation of the oval window of the heart was found – 91% and anemia in newborns. Premature children were dominated by neurocirculatory disorders, retinopathy, preretinopathy, iron deficiency anemia. The lack of information in primary health care facilities at the place of residence of the child and the need to overcome moral and ethical, as well as social and religious contradictions with the help of the personnel of catamnesis departments and the support of psychologists are indicated.
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