Objective The aim of the study is to find out amount of physical stress among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients and its relation with hypertension. Background Physical stress is defined as a pressure -force and strain a state of physical mental tension. Stress is among the mental factors that has for some time been recorded among the potential. Furthermore, essential hazard variables of hypertension and coronary illness. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in the patients of department of Cardiology at tertiary hospitals, Karachi, from January 2014 to December 2014. Sadaf stress scale (SSS) 2.0 was used to find out the physical stress. Results It showed physical stress among CVD patients about n=39 (43.3%) have moderate physical stress. which was decreased over time after 5 year of illness as compared to the patient who have disease for less than 5 years. While systolic blood pressure among subjects with severe physical stress showed an average systolic B.P. of 147mmhg, moderate have 146mmhg and patients with mild physical stress have 135mmhg. Conclusion This report concluded moderate physical stress among CVD patients which was decrease over time due different coping mechanism and blood pressures are directly related to severity of physical stress mainly systolic which lead to hypertension.
Background: The HEART score is reported to be a useful tool for the assessment of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, however, data regarding its validity in our population is scarce. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of the HEART score to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 6 weeks in patients presenting to emergency department with chest pain. Methods: This prospective observational study included suspected ACS patients presented with chest pain to the emergency department of a tertiary care cardiac center. Inclusion criteria for the study were consecutive adult patients with suspected ACS, patients with definite diagnosis of ACS based on history, electrocardiography (ECG), and cardiac enzymes were excluded from the study. HEART score was calculated and patients with ≥7 score were also excluded. MACE over the 6-weeks after discharge were observed. Results: Total of 281 patients were included in this analysis, 191 (68%) were male and mean age was 52.58±10.63 years. Mean HEART score was calculated to be 4.27±1.06 with 70.8% (199) in moderate risk [4-6]. Area under the curve of HEART score for the prediction of 6-weeks MACE was 0.874 [0.827-0.920] with MACE rate of 31.7% vs. 0% for low- and moderate-risk group respectively. Conclusion: HEART score showed good discriminating power for the prediction of 6-weeks MACE. Risk of MACE for the patients with HEART score of 0-3 is very low and such patients can be discharged from ER without extensive cardiac workup with proper follow-up planned.
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