Hui and Fu contributed equally to the work.Ye and Cai contributed equally to the work.

This study aimed to investigate whether specific medications used in the treatment chronic diseases affected either the development and/ or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of 610 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zhejiang, China. Using a cohort of 578 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 populationbased controls from Zhejiang, China, we tested the role of usage of cardiovascular, antidiabetic, and other medications on risk and severity of COVID-19. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index and for presence of relevant comorbidities. Individuals with hypertension taking calcium channel blockers had significantly increased risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.3) of manifesting symptoms of COVID-19, whereas those taking angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics had significantly lower disease risk (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.30 and OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.19-0.58, respectively). Among those with type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (OR = 6.02, 95% CI 2.3-15.5) and insulin (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.6-5.5) were more and glucosidase inhibitors were less prevalent (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.1-0.3) among with patients with COVID-19. Drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes influence the risk of development of COVID-19, but, not its severity.

Targeted design of organic semiconductors in organic spintronics is relatively limited. Therefore, four conjugated polymers with analogous structures based on isoindigo (IID) units were designed and synthesized to investigate the structure–property relationships in spin and charge carrier transport. Structural design strategies include introduction of pyridinic nitrogen atoms into IID units to change electronic structures and alteration of different branching points of alkyl chains to adjust the aggregation structure. By fabricating polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) and organic spin valves (OSVs), all of the polymers exhibited good ambipolar field-effect properties (all of the mobilities exceeding 0.3 cm2 V–1 s–1) and relatively high magnetoresistance (MR) values (maximum up to 25%). Most importantly, it is found that the introduction of pyridinic nitrogen into the IID units can improve MR values of OSVs and electron mobilities of PFETs, whereas the extension of alkyl chain branching points can reduce MR values of the conjugated polymers. This work is the first attempt to thoroughly study the structure–property relationship in the OSVs, combined with molecular design of the conjugated polymers, which provides a guideline for molecular engineering, especially for organic spintronics.

Background. Medical editorials have suggested that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) should not be given to people with arterial hypertension during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic because of a potential increased risk of worse clinical outcomes and that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) should be used as an alternative.Methods Using a cohort of 610 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zheijang, China we have tested the role of usage of ACEIs, ARBs, CCBs and other medications on risk and severity of COVID 19. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and BMI and for presence of relevant comorbidities. Findings:Higher BMI, diabetes and cardio/ cerebrovascular disease are independent risk factors for the development of COVID-19. Individuals with hypertension taking CCBs had significantly increased risk [odds ratio (OR)= 1.67 (95% CI 1.2-2.9)) of manifesting symptoms of COVID-19 whereas those taking ARBs and diuretics had significantly lower disease risk (OR=0.24; 95%CI 0.17-0.34 and OR=0.32; 95%CI 0.19-0.57 respectively). Other antihypertensive drugs were not associated with increased . CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review)

Two highly planar cross-conjugated polymers with multiple conformational locks were designed and synthesized, and their charge transport properties were investigated.

Two benzobisthiadiazole-alt-bithiazole copolymers were designed and synthesized, and the resulting transistors achieved high performance with air stability and a high on/off ratio.

A novel building block (VDTOI) was designed and synthesized. VDTOI-based copolymers exhibit a high mobility of 0.35 cm2 V−1 s−1.

recombination in organic light-emitting diodes and organic magnetoresistance (MR) devices. [9][10][11][12] Moreover, organic semiconductors have obvious advantages, lower cost, and better flexibility, and they have greater possibility in wearable and large area applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The most common prototype organic device using spin freedom is organic spin valves (OSVs), [5,11,[21][22][23][24][25] which consist of a nonmagnetic spacer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes, and based on the alignment of the electron spin relative to the FM layer magnetization orientation. In this research field, there are tunneling and diffusive regimes. [26] The tunneling regimes occur in relatively thinner spacers (<15 nm), and the mode is weakly dependent on temperature. The diffusive regimes are also called hoping in organic spintronics. This mode occurs in relatively thicker layers (≥15 nm), and it is strongly dependent on temperature. In addition, the present study lies in the diffusive regime owing of the conductivity mismatch problem and more abundant phenomena like Hanle effect in organic spintronics. For organic semiconductor, both spin-orbit interaction and the hyperfine interaction play very significant parts in determining the spin relaxation, but the origin of determining the spin relaxation in organic semiconductors is still unknown. Herein, OSV effect is characterized by the MR ratios, defined as MR = (R ap − R p )/R p , where R ap and R p denote the resistance in the antiparallel and parallel states of FM electrode magnetization direction, respectively. There are lots of efforts to explore organic spintronics Organic materials are proposed to be excellent spin transport layers due to their weak hyperfine and spin-orbit coupling interaction. Donor−acceptortype polymers PTDCNTVT-420 and PTDCNTVT-320 with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units are employed as the spacers in the organic spin valves, which have more advantages such as solution processing, higher mobility, and large area fabrication. The performance of polymers spin valves based on DPP units with different alkyl side chain lengths are studied. The different top ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes Co and Ni 80 Fe 20 are used for spin detection resulting in obvious distinct magnetoresistance (MR) values. The MR ratio of approaching 30% at 10 K is achieved with the Ni 80 Fe 20 electrodes using PTDCNTVT-420 with longer alkyl side chain lengths. Moreover, the MR behaviors are observed depending on various temperatures, which are related with the FM electrodes spin injection efficiency. The direct spinterface are also investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the series of results indicate that the PTDCNTVT polymers can be used as good spin transport model materials and give clues for future polymers spintronic studies.