The reclamation of makeup water is studied in terms of breakthrough time (i.e., the leakage of the cations). Makeup water was subjected to lab-scale ion exchangers of two types: strong acid cation and weak base anion exchanger. The experimental investigation was directed to study the ion exchanger performance in terms of four different parameters (i.e., copper concentration, total dissolved solids (TDS), feed rate and bed depth). Box-Wilson composite rotatable design was adopted in designing the experiments. Breakthrough times of the effluent stream are measured in terms of copper concentration of 2 to 25 ppm, TDS concentration of 250 to 1250 ppm, feed rate of 0.38 to 5.34 l/h and bed depth of 5 to 70 cm. Simulation the effect of the studied variables through their pre-designed ranges in terms of breakthrough time was done by 2nd order polynomial equation. In general, the performance and characteristic of adopting two bed deionizers (cation and anion beds) was efficiently recommended to remove the ionic contaminants and not less than 95 % of wastewater is recycled.
Aluminum alloy (3003) has been anodized using sulfuric acid solution. To study the characteristic of the anodic film of aluminum alloy (3003); four variables are examined in term of anodic film thickness, these are current density ranging between 1.5- 3.5 A/dm2, electrolyte concentration ranging between 10- 20 Vol.%, electrolyte temperature between 10- 30oC and anodizing time between 10- 50 min. The study shows that the time of anodizing and current density has positive dependence of great significance on the anodic film thickness of aluminum alloy (3003) while the other two studied variables (i.e. concentration and temperature of electrolyte) show little dependence on the film thickness. When conditional Hookes and Jeeves optimization method is used, optimum conditions of aluminum alloy (3003) in terms of maximum thickness are found equal to: Current density (A /dm2) 3.5 Acid concentration (Vol. %) 10 Electrolyte temperature (oC) 19
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