Objective: Medical training has been reported as being stressful, and postgraduate medical training environment has always been regarded as highly stressful, which may lead to different psychiatric disorders. In this study, it was aimed to determine the extent of depression, anxiety, and stress among the postgraduate medical residents of Bangladesh. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 200 residents through face to face interview which was conducted by a psychiatrist using research instruments. Initially, respondents were approached by cluster sampling. Then, they were selected from each cluster using simple random sampling method (lottery method). Sample size was calculated by considering the prevalence of 50%; however, 200 residents were interviewed due to time constraints. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: (1) demographic variable, (2) the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders, and (3) Bangla Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0. Results: Distribution of depression, anxiety, and stress revealed that 11.5% of the residents had depressive disorders, 11% anxiety disorders, and 10.5% stress disorders. Also, it was found that 14.5% of the respondents were found to have at least one of three disorders. The DASS-21 score revealed that 6% of the residents had severe to extremely severe depression, 3.5% severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 6.5% severe to extremely severe stress disorder. Conclusion: The study revealed that one in every seven residents has been suffering from at least one disorder from depression, anxiety, and stress related disorders. A large-scale multicenter study is recommended to validate the findings of the present study.
Abstract:Background: Drug taking behavior and drug dependence is a multi-factorial disorder. Personality is a very important determining factor of drug dependence. Objectives: To find out the possible relationship between personality traits and substance use disorders. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and case-control study conducted in the department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Central Drug Addiction Treatment Center, Dhaka for a period of one year (January 2005 to December 2005). From five hundred respondents, 250 had the history of substance use disorders selected as case, and equal number were age, sex, habitat and economic background matched controls were taken. Personality traits of both cases and control were measured by applying Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results: Mean ± SD psychoticism (8.42±3 vs 4.33±1.8), Neuroticism (11.89±2.3 vs 9.83±2) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in cases than controls. It was found that psychoticism was 2.3 times and neurticism was 1.7 times higher in substance users than that of controls. There were no significant differences of mean distribution of extroversion and lie scales among the cases & controls. This study also revealed that, there was no significant relationship between personality traits and different variables related to substance use except that psychoticism was significantly higher in those substance users who had have positive history of troubles with law than those having no history of trouble with law (8.82±3.2 & 7.95±2.7 respectively). Conclusion: Personality traits may have an influence on persons with substance use disorder which detoriates quality of life.
Stress is an integral part of daily life and inevitable. This study was aimed to produce a culturally validated scale for measuring stressful life events of adults in Bangladesh and formulate the relative life change units of each event. The study used qualitative research, including a focus group and questionnaire, as well as quantitative statistical analysis in the validation process. Researchers first developed a provisional scale with 62 items that were translated in Bangla through a translation exercise. Using an open-ended question along with this provisional scale on 518 (260 rated on imagination and 258 on experience) subjects, researchers developed Dhaka Stress Scale-Adult with 58 items and the predictive interpretation of the overall score was made. Content validity was found excellent as I-CVI was 1 except 3 items and S-CVI was 0.91. In factor analysis on the two-factor model, no item had salient loading on more than one factor and there were 3 items failed to load on either factor. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 between this scale and the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. In term of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values were ranging from 0.53-0.88. The scale is simple to administer to assess stress and usable for both clinical and research purpose.
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