A total of 93 ocular, 50 nasal swabs and 10 lung tissue were collected from 2-3 years old cattles affected with respiratory manifestation, and 145 serum samples from in contact apparently healthy cattles distributed in 4 different Governorates of Egypt (Ismalia, Qalioubia, Kafr El-Sheikh, and EL-Fayoum). Swabs and lung tissue samples were subjected to Bovine Herpes Virus (BHV-1) isolation on tissue culture Medin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line and isolates were identified by direct fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using primers complementary to the sequence of BHV-1 glycoprotein gB gene, as a rapid and more sensitive technique. From the results of virus isolation and identification were confirmed the more sensitivity of virus isolation than FAT and the most sensitivity and rapidity of PCR technique with confirmation and agreement of its results with the conventional methods. BHV-1 specific antibodies was detected in serum samples collected from the same 4 different Governorate, because of virus latency is a normal sequel to BHV-1 infection, by using the most suitable, sensitive, rapid, and specific techniques are ELISA and serum neutralization test (SNT), it is clear that the highest percentage of positive BHV-1 serum reactors was, in Kafr El-Sheikh followed by Ismalia, and Qalioubia and the lowest percentage was in EL-Fayoum. By the detection and identification of BHV-1 in collected samples and presence of positive reactors in serum samples this was a good indication for the circulation of BHV-1 in cattles of Egypt.
A total number of 38 clinical specimens of skin lesions from diseased animals (17 cattle and 21 sheep) of both sex and of different ages were investigated for lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and sheep pox virus (ShPV). Bovine samples obtained from (Shubra Shehab station, Qalubia Governorate) with 60% morbidity and 8% mortality especially in young animals. The clinical examination revealed the presence of nodules found most numerous on head and neck of the animal and may cover whole body with some eruption of skin nodules. Ovine samples obtained from sheep housed in (Sakha station, Kafr El-sheikh Governorate) with 70% morbidity and 20% mortality especially in kids 3-4 month old. The affected sheep was suffering from papules with hard swelling may covered by fluid filled vesicles in axilla and perineum region with enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The two viruses were successfully isolated on ECE and tissue culture and identified using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), fluorescent antibody technique and virus neutralization test (VNT) with sensitivity of 42.2%, 71.1% and 65.8% respectively. The two viruses were differentiated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) with speciesspecific primers for LSDV and ShPV of different amplicon sizes about 192 bp and 289 bp respectively with high specificity and sensitivity with speed and do not require nucleotide sequencing or restriction analysis of PCR products. Therefore MPCR shown to be the method of choice for differentiation between some Capripox virus isolates and diagnosis directly from clinical specimens.
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