The present findings should be considered by policymakers, hospital leaders, and nurse executives in creating interventions aimed at improving the patient safety culture in hospitals. A multidimensional network intervention targeting the different dimensions of patient safety culture and involving different organizational levels should be implemented to improve patient safety.

Background: Knowledge, perception, and preventive behavior should be considered in the planning of effective educational interventions for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and in increasing awareness about the health risks brought about by this disease. This research aimed to assess knowledge, perceptions, and preventive behavior toward the COVID-19 infection among student nurses.Methods: The study has quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 1,226 student nurses from seven universities in Saudi Arabia was surveyed from March 22 to April 4, 2020. A four-part online survey on demographic characteristics, perceptions, knowledge, and preventive behavior of Saudi student nurses was carried out.Results: Nearly all students were aware of the outbreak (99.2%), and most of them received information on COVID-19 primarily from social media (71.0%). Over three-fourths of the students were confident that the government (89.1%) and Ministry of Health (MOH) (86.5%) were doing a good job responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. The overall average score in the knowledge questionnaire was 9.85 (SD = 1.62, range = 0–12), which is equivalent to 82.1%. The majority of the students always performed most of the preventive behavior identified in the survey, except “washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 s after blowing my nose, coughing, or sneezing” (39.2%) and “daily cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces” (41.6%). Being female, being in the fourth year, and gaining good perceived knowledge were associated with high actual COVID-19 knowledge. University, gender, age, academic level, and perceived COVID-19 knowledge were the associated factors.Conclusions: The findings of this study have provided baseline information on the current state of Saudi nursing students' perceptions, knowledge, and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 as the crisis is happening. The findings revealed some areas that should be focused on by nursing education, as well as health agencies, to ensure that the students have adequate knowledge and correct preventive behavior.

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Aims and Objectives To investigate the workplace incivility of nurses working in two Saudi hospitals and analyse its influence on the nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL). Background The prevalence and economic impact of workplace incivility cannot be overstated and disregarded. To the current authors’ knowledge, no extensive study on this topic has been conducted in Saudi Arabia. The influence of workplace incivility to ProQOL of nurses from different cultural backgrounds has never been thoroughly investigated. Design Descriptive, cross‐sectional design. Methods A sample of 378 nurses working in two government hospitals in Saudi Arabia were surveyed using the Nursing Incivility Scale and the ProQOL Scale version 5 from February to May 2018. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyse the multivariate effect of workplace incivility on the nurses’ ProQOL. The study adhered to the STROBE guideline (See Supporting Information File 1). Results The nurses perceived a moderate level of workplace incivility from the different sources of uncivil acts measured in this study. Among the five sources of incivility explored in this study, the nurses reported the majority of workplace incivility experienced from patients/visitors (M = 2.44, SD = 0.80), while the lowest was from supervisors (M = 1.90, SD = 0.66). The mean scores of the respondents in the compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress subscales were 36.50 (SD = 6.30), 26.43 (SD = 4.81) and 26.47 (SD = 6.06), respectively. General incivility, supervisor incivility, physician incivility and patient/visitor incivility showed a significant multivariate effect on the three ProQOL subscales. Conclusions Nurses’ experience of workplace civility and its sources were associated with ProQOL. Relevance to clinical practice. The findings of this study can be used as guide in establishing human resource policies towards achieving nurses’ needs, reducing workplace incivility and improving ProQOL.

Aims and objectives To examine the influence of workplace incivility on the quality of nursing care. Background Recent evidence describes workplace incivility as a serious concern in the healthcare setting worldwide. Exposure to workplace incivility can alter a nurse's behaviour, thought process and perspective towards the nursing profession. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether workplace incivility might be associated with the quality of nursing care in Saudi Arabia. Design A quantitative and cross‐sectional study. Method A survey was carried out amongst 378 nurses in two government hospitals in Saudi Arabia from February 2018–May 2018 using the Nurse Incivility and quality of nursing care scales. Multivariate multiple regression was performed to investigate the influence of the uncivil experiences of nurses from different sources on the different aspects of quality of nursing care. The study adhered to STROBE guideline (see Appendix S1). Results The overall mean of the quality of nursing care scale was 3.14 (SD = 0.66) from a scale of 1–5, with patient satisfaction receiving the highest mean dimension (mean = 3.27, SD = 0.72) and health promotion the lowest mean dimension (mean = 3.08, SD = 0.74). Experience in the present hospital and the hospital were associated with the overall quality of nursing care. General and nurse incivility exerted a multivariate effect on overall quality of nursing care and its different dimensions. Conclusion General incivility and nurse incivility were found to negatively impact quality of nursing care and its different dimensions. Relevance to clinical practice Stronger policies geared towards eliminating workplace incivility should be implemented as uncivil acts can lead to poor quality of nursing care. Nurse administrators and nurses should be pro‐active in recognising, preventing, approaching, reporting and intervening with uncivil acts in the hospital to protect these workers from these types of behaviours and avoid their negative impacts on patient care.

Aims and objectives To assess the perceived patient safety competence during clinical training of Saudi nursing students. Background Ensuring safety in healthcare settings requires improvements in the educational and clinical practice of professionals. Experts stressed that shared patient safety culture must be of primary importance; they also emphasised the resolute need for theoretically driven research approaches for patient safety competence in healthcare organisations and educational institutions. Design Descriptive, cross‐sectional design. Methods This study was conducted in six government universities in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 829 nursing students was surveyed using the health professional education in patient safety survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross‐sectional studies (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Results The percentage of agreement on the items of the health professional education in patient safety survey ranged from 61.5%–76.5%. The dimension “understanding human and environmental factors” received the highest perceived competence, whereas the dimension “working in teams” received the lowest competence. Significant differences in students’ patient safety competence from different universities were reported. Male students perceived their competence in “working in teams” higher than the female students. Students in their internship year had significantly higher levels of competence in all the six dimensions of the health professional education in patient safety survey than students in the third‐ and fourth‐year levels. Conclusions Saudi nursing students have positive perceptions towards their patient safety competencies. Significant differences were found in the patient safety competence of nursing students between universities, gender and year of study. Relevance to clinical practice The results provide valuable insights and guidance for improving the patient safety competence of nursing students. The findings can be used to guide the creation of policies and interventions that may ensure the continuous development of patient safety competence of nursing students as they navigate the clinical area.

This study highlights the importance of optimism and proactive coping in ensuring high levels of quality of life among nurses. The findings can inform the creation of policies and interventions to ensure the highest level of well-being among nurses, thereby allowing them to better perform their duty of providing quality nursing care.

Purpose This study assessed clinical nurses’ workplace incivility experiences and determined the effects of workplace incivility experiences on nurses’ patient safety competence. Design This quantitative study surveyed 261 clinical nurses in two acute healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia from June to August 2019. Methods A self‐administered survey, including the Nurse Incivility Scale and the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey, was employed to assess the variables workplace incivility and patient safety competence. The association between incivility and patient safety competence was analysed using multivariate multiple regression. Results The highest mean score was recorded for patient or visitor incivility, whereas the lowest score was recorded for supervisor incivility. Regarding patient safety competence, the dimension “communicating effectively” received the highest mean score, whereas “working in teams with other health professionals” was rated lowest. General and nurse incivilities had multivariate effects on the six dimensions of patient safety competence. Conclusions Nurses’ experiences of uncivil acts from nurses and from general incivility negatively impact nurses’ patient safety competence. Clinical Relevance This investigation could guide the establishment of policies centered on boosting the patient safety competence of nurses by addressing uncivil acts in healthcare settings.