This invivo study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp); applied with or without prior application of chlorhexidine (CHX), on remineralization of caries-affected and caries infected dentine types. Forty molars in eight patients having class I caries and no pulpal involvement were selected. In each selected molar, caries was removed except from the pulpal floor. Thereafter, molars were divided into two groups (n= 20) according to the type of carious dentine left on the pulpal floor; caries-affected or infected dentine. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the material that was applied on carious dentine; n-HAp with or without 2% CHX. All cavities were finally sealed with glass ionomer restoration. Assessment of mineral density was performed at base line, one and three months using digitized radiography. The results showed increased mineral density in caries-affected dentine group; with no significant difference neither n-HAp was applied with or without CHX, nor was the application time increased more than one month. In caries-infected dentine group, however, mineral density was decreased. Such decrease was significantly evident at the third month; when n-HAp was applied without CHX. It was concluded that n-HAp could only promote remineralization of cariesaffected dentine. Additionally, although application of CHX prior to n-HAp showed no considerable influence on remineralization, yet, it could be recommended in case of caries-infected dentine as an antiseptic.

Purpose: The current study was conducted to elaborate the clinical and transforming growth factor beta biomarker effect of local application of lepidium sativum gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the therapeutic management of periodontitis patients stage( II, III) and grade(A, B). Subjects and Methods: The current study was conducted on twenty patients were selected in this study with stage (II, III) and grade (A, B) periodontitis. Patients were randomly divided into two group's ten subjects on each. Group A: (control group) were treated with scaling and root planing alone, group B: (study group) were treated with scaling and root planing with local delivery of lepidium sativum gel. Results: study group showed a significant increase in the clinical parameter like clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI). Clinical parameters were recorded after one month and three months, transforming growth factor beta biomarker level after one week and four weeks in comparison with control group follow up. Conclusion: Adjunctive use of lepidium sativum with non-surgical therapy showed an improvement in the treatment outcome of periodontitis patient's stage (II, III) and grade (A, B).

Purpose: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was the evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation using a composite of bioactive glass and platelet rich fibrin either alone or combined with melatonin in chronic periodontitis patients. This aim was fulfilled through: Clinical assessment and radiographic assessment. Subjects and Methods: A total of thirty extraction sockets in 29 patients were randomly divided into three groups; control group treated by atraumatic extraction alone, test1 group (application of bioactive glass mixed with PRF) and test 2 group (application of bioactive glass mixed with PRF and melatonin gel). The clinical parameters recorded at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Cone beam tomography radiographs used to measure width of socket at base line and 6months post operatively. Results: By clinical assessment both group II and group III showed significant increase in length and width of alveolar ridge with significant difference between the two groups in the whole study period. Radiographically; both group II and group III showed a significant increase in all parameters by time, while control group, there was a significant decrease at the end of the study period. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study: The composite use of bioglass, Prf & melatonin in group III reflected the best clinical, and radiographic results.