Background An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. Owing to the global scale and high stakes of the health emergency, responding to the infodemic related to the pandemic is particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools and implement them by health emergency responders. Objective The World Health Organization organized the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online, during June and July 2020, with a follow-up process from August to October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions, and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in the creation of a public health research agenda for managing infodemics. Methods As part of the conference, a structured expert judgment synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. A total of 110 participants represented diverse scientific disciplines from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a managed follow-up process was used to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-workstream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarized in a public health research agenda that included a list of priority research questions. Results The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five workstreams: (1) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (2) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (3) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (4) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (5) promoting the development, adaptation, and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each workstream identifies research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions. Conclusions Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement, and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. Infodemiology provides a scientific foundation to make this possible. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policy makers, implementing organizations, and other stakeholders to consider.

Introduction: Work is a social double edged weapon activity that may have positive and negative effects on individual's quality of life and health.Objectives: To estimate workaholism prevalence and to determine its effects on quality of life, mental health, and burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs).Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, 1,080 Egyptian participants distributed as HCWs and non-HCWs were recruited. The study included 4 questionnaires to assess workaholism, quality of life (QoL), Psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ), and General health questionnaire (GHQ). Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied to critical specialty HCWs in addition to pro-inflammatory markers including Il6, TNFα, and CoQ10.Results: This study revealed that 24.4 and 24.8% of HCWs were workaholic and hardworking, respectively, in comparison to 5.9 and 28.1% among non-HCWs (P < 0.001). Somatic symptoms and anxiety/ insomnia domains of GHQ were higher among HCWs than non-HCWs (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). QoL was significantly lower among HCWs than non-HCWs (P < 0.001). Workaholism was reported among 43.2% of HCWs with critical specialty (P < 0.001). Components of PCQ components were significantly higher among HCWs with critical specialty than non-critical HCWs while QoL showed the reverse (P < 0.05). Working excessively was a predictor to burnout [Emotional exhaustion (β = –0.23) and depersonalization (β = −0.25)] and TNFα (β = 0.41). Emotional exhaustion was a predictor to Il6 (β = 0.66), TNFα (β = 0.73), and CoQ10 (β = −0.78).Conclusion: There is a significant association between workaholism and psychologically poor-health and poor quality of life among HCWs. Critical specialty healthcare workers showed association between workaholism, burnout and pro-inflammatory markers. Addressing of personal characteristics, supporting factors in the work environment and periodic examination of the healthcare workers and responding accordingly is required.

Background:In-vitro work showed that bee honey (BH) and royal jelly (RJ) had "improvement effect" on the mechanical performance of fetal membranes. Propolisis is known for its anti-infection properties. Consequently, we tested the possible prophylactic effect of these products against preterm labor (PL). Methods: Fifty-nine gravidas with history of recurrent PL were quasi-randomly assigned into 2 groups: group I (30 women) received daily ingestion of 20 ml of cotton-trifolium BH, 400 mg propolis and 2 grams of RJ from the 15th gestation week until the onset of labor or completion of 38 weeks' gestation; group II (29 women) served as controls. Primary outcomes assessed were: 1) incidence of PL, and, 2) gestation age at birth. Secondary outcomes were: 1) ultrasonic evidence of cervical changes of threatening PL, and, 2) total leukocyte count and C-reactive protein.Results: Twenty-two pregnancies of group I went to term as compared to 13 of controls (75.9 %, 44.8%; P< 0.01). Average gestation weeks at birth were 36.3 and 31.1 (P<0.01 %). Cervical ultrasonographic signs of PL threat were elicited in 11 and 19 cases of groups I and II respectively (36.7, 65.5%; P<0.01). High leukocyte counts and C-reactive protein were found in 10 and 15 women of cases and controls respectively (33.3, 51.7%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Bee honey, royal jelly and propolis may be effective for reducing the risk of PL. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible mechanisms and the best application route.

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BACKGROUND An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. The global scale and high stakes of the emergency have made responding to the infodemic related to the COVID-19 pandemic particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools, and implement them by health emergency responders. OBJECTIVE WHO organised the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online during June-July 2020, and a follow up August-October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in a public health research agenda for managing infodemics. METHODS As part of the conference, a structured expert judgement synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. One hundred and ten participants represented diverse scientific disciplines, from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a follow-up managed process to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-work-stream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarised in a public health research agenda which included a list of priority research questions. RESULTS The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five work-streams: (i) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (ii) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (iii) responding aThe public health research agenda for infodemic management has five work-streams: (i) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (ii) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (iii) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (iv) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (v) promoting the development, adaptation and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each work-stream identified research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions.nd deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (iv) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (v) promoting the development, adaptation and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each work-stream identified research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions. CONCLUSIONS Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. For that to be possible, infodemiology provides a scientific foundation. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policymakers, implementing organizations and other stakeholders to consider.

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Sleep is a basic need as much as food and water, which are necessary for human survival. Sleep is a periodic, reversible state of cognitive and sensory disengagement from the external environment with a complex physiologic and behavioral process essential for rest, repair, wellbeing, and survival. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Benson's relaxation technique on night pain and sleep quality among adults and elderly patients undergoing joints replacement surgery. A Quasi experimental design was utilized. Setting: The current study was conducted at orthopedic department of Menoufia university hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 100 patients with knee or hip replacement who agree to participate in the study. Tools: 1. Structured interviewing questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic data and medical history. 2. The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). 3. The Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (GSQS). The main result of this study showed that there was an improvement in the pain scores experienced by subjects in the study group than subjects in control group after intervention. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relation between pain score of studied sample and their age. Conclusion: Benson's relaxation technique had a positive effect in reducing postoperative pain and improving sleep quality among adults and elderly patients undergoing joints replacement surgeries. Recommendation: Patient's education about relaxation therapy should be implemented with all surgical patients to help in promoting patient's comfort and enhancing tissue healing.