Background: Despite advances in breast conservation therapy, upper limb edema is still a typical concern for those who have undergone treatment for breast cancer. Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a fixed dose of lidocaine combined with two different doses of ketorolac for stellate ganglion block (SGB) for decreasing pain and size of post mastectomy upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery Patients and methods: Forty patients that underwent mastectomy were randomly assigned to one of two research groups in this prospective randomized study (20 patients in each group) received either ultrasound guided SGB with solution of 4 ml lidocaine 2% & 15 mg ketorolac in total volume 10 ml (group 1) or ultrasound guided SGB with solution of 4 ml lidocaine 2% & 30 mg ketorolac in total volume 10 ml (group 2). Assessment was done after SGB for 3 weeks by collecting data of total analgesic consumption as primary outcome, first analgesic request, VAS score and arm circumference. Results: Total analgesic dose /tablet was significantly decreased 19 (4-30) in group 2 versus 34 (20-63) in group 1, first analgesic request /hours 8 (5-54) in group 2 versus 4 (2-8) in group 1. At 2 and 3 weeks post-block, there was a significant reduction in group members' arm circumference both 5 and 10 centimeters above and below the elbow crease. Conclusion: Higher dose of ketorolac could be associated with better analgesia, lower VAS score and with more upper limb lymphedema size reduction post-mastectomy.
Objectives: To compare the effects of three ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Design: A prospective, randomized, double blinded study. Setting: Single center hospital. Participants: forty eight pediatric patients undergoing elective repair of congenital heart diseases with cardiopulmonary bypass. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned into three groups according to ventilation strategy during CPB: (1) low tidal volume (LTV), RR 5 breath ber min, and Vt 2 -3mL/kg of ideal body weight, (2) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5-10 cm H2O, (3). no ventilation (NOV). Measurements: and Main Results: postoperative atelectasis. Regarding the frequency of postoperative atelectasis there was statistically insignificant between the studied groups although the number of patients who developed atelectasis in NVgroup 7 (43.8%) were greater than the number in both LTV group 2 (12.5%) and CPAP group 2 (12.5%) Conclusions: Maintaining ventilation during CPB can reduce the incidence of PPCs in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.