1. The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary probiotic supplementation and stocking density and their interaction on growth performance, humoral and cellular immune responses of broiler chickens raised under hot climate conditions. 2. A total of 1800 1-d-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated in a completely randomised 3 × 2 factorial design, with three concentrations of dietary probiotic (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg) containing 4 × 10 cfu/g of Bacillus subtilis and two stocking densities (12 or 18 birds/m) in a total of 6 treatment subgroups. 3. Dietary probiotic and stocking density had no significant effect on live body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. 4. Dietary probiotic supplementation had a positive effect on serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and cell-mediated immunity when compared to the control at 6 weeks of age, whereas serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) were improved, but not significantly so. Dietary probiotic and stocking density had no effect on relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen. 5. Dietary probiotic supplementation had a positive significant effect on serum IgM concentration and cell-mediated immunity without penalising growth performance in broilers raised under high ambient temperature.
hotogenic feed additives (PFA) have been suggested to promote broiler performance as alternative for antibiotics, which have been banned from the feed. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary PFA (Biostrong ® 510) on performance of broiler chicks, ileal content of bacteria, intestinal histomorphology and blood characteristics under the environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia Kingdom. Four-hundred-day-old Ross broiler chicks were allocated to four treatment groups with five replicates of 20 birds each. For 35 days experimental period, the chicks were fed on four different experimental diets: 1) positive control diet containing 21.24% crude protein and 2850 Kcal ME; 2) positive control with 150 g/t Biostrong® 510 added to the diet; 3) negative control diet containing 20.49% crude protein and 2801 Kcal ME; 4) negative control with 150 g/t Biostrong 510®added to the diet. Dietary addition of Biostrong ® 510 significantly increased body weight gain and feed conversion compared to birds fed the two control diets at the second stage of growth (3-5 wk.). Photogenic feed additive supplementation significantly reduced ileal content of E. coli and increased Lactobacillus bacteria. Plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, or triglycerides were not affected by adding Biostrong ® 510 into the diet. There is no significant effect on relative weight of the liver, spleen, heart or bursa of Fabricius between the different treatments. The results revealed a significant increase in villi length associated with a reduction in crypt depth due to inclusion of PFA into broiler diets. The small intestine thickness significantly reduced due to inclusion of PFA into the diet. From the current study, we can conclude that PFA supplementation has a positive effect on increasing the number of beneficial bacteria and villi length which improves nutrient digestibility and broiler performance.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding different graded levels of chromium chloride (Crcl3) on performance, blood constituents and digestive enzymes activity of broiler chicks.Two hundred and seventy day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were allocated randomly to 6 experimental treatments, 45 chicks each. All birds were fed on corn soybean basal diet supplemented with 6 graded levels of chromium chloride as 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125mg/kg diet.The results indicated that, average body weighs were improved significantly by adding 25 and 50 mg Crcl3 /kg diet. There were a non significant improve in feed conversion ratio (g feed / g gain). Feed consumption values were not affected by enriched Crcl3 into diets. Mortality rates were dramatically reduced.Blood contents of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were decreased as a result of Crcl3 addition. Blood concentration of total proteins was increased significantly due to adding Crcl3 by 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg diet, while blood albumin was significantly affected only at levels of 100 and 125 mg Crcl3. Blood globulin was significantly higher than control at levels of 50, 75 and 100mg Crcl3. Besides, a reduction in albumin/globulin ratio at same levels was recorded. So chromium supplementation may enhance immune function of chicks Blood concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly higher in treated groups than the controls. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme reduced significantly whiles the level of GOT and GPT enzyme was not affected. Amylase enzyme values were significantly elevated in stomach and duodenum, while in jejunum this effect was not clear. Lipase enzyme activity was significantly higher in duodenum and jejunum in birds treated with 75, 100 and 125mg chromium /kg diet. Trypsine and Chemotrypsin values in duodenum and jejunum were not affected.It can be concluded that, chromium supplementation into broiler diets may enhance growth performance traits, interfere with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and could improve the immune system responses and positively affect pancreatic enzymes activity.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different graded levels of chromium picolonate on performance of broiler chicks, some digestive enzymes activity, carcass yield and some blood constituents. For this purpose three hundred day old Cubb broiler chicks were allocated into five treatment groups. For five weeks experimental period, four groups of birds were fed on corn soy-basal diets supplemented with 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 0.75mg or 1mg/kg diet chromium of chromium picolonate whereas the fifth group was the control.Average body weight improved due to feeding supplemental chromium diets. The group of birds fed 0.5mg chromium picolonate recorded the highest body weight (1888g) followed by those fed 0.75mg Cr (1872g) compared with (1788g) for control. Feed consumption values were not affected by treatments for the entire experimental period. Feed conversation (g feed/g gain) improved as a result of feeding dietary chromium. The beneficial effects of chromium supplementation may be related to its effect on stimulating digestive enzymes activity and immune response. Amylase enzyme activity was significantly elevated in jejunum and ileum due to feeding chromium enriched-diets, while lipase enzyme was slightly increased due to treatment in jejunum only. Trypsine and chemotrypsine enzymes were not affected by treatments. Dressed carcass and breast meat yield percentages were increased due to adding chromium into diets while; thigh, drumstick or back percentages were not affected.Supplemental organic chromium significantly increased plasma concentration of glucose, total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides while plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (H.D.L.) was not affected. Plasma total protein and globulin increased significantly due to treatments while, plasma albumin was not affected. Albumin to globulin ratio decreased by inclusion of chromium into broiler diets that may indicate enhancement in immune response of birds.
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