In this study, enantiopure imidazolidinones containing two hydroxyphenyl groups were synthesized, and the Williamson synthesis of the chiral bisphenols thus prepared with dihalides afforded polyethers containing chiral imidazolidinone repeating units. These chiral imidazolidinone polyethers exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction. With the use of these polymeric catalysts, enantioselectivities up to 99% were obtained, higher than those obtained by the corresponding monomeric imidazolidinone catalyst in homogeneous solution. The polymeric catalysts were found to be insoluble in commonly used organic solvents, and they could be repeatedly used without the loss of activity.magnified image
Main-chain ionic polymersi ncorporating chiral imidazolidinonem oieties in the polymer main chain were successfully synthesizedb yt he polyaddition reactiono fachiral imidazolidinoned imer with ad isulfonica cid. Theo rganocatalytic activities of these polymersw ere investigated in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reactionb etween trans-cinnamaldehyde and 1,3-cyclopentadiene.T he catalytic performance of the polymers was found to be sensitive to the chemical structure of the disulfonate units andt he imidazolidinone dimer. With the use of these heterogeneousp olymeric chiral organocatalysts, enantioselectivities of up to 99% for the endo isomer were obtained.T his result was higher than those obtained with corresponding monomeric andd imeric counterparts in ah omogeneouss olution. Thep olymeric chiral organocatalyst was recovered and reused several times,m aintaining its high enantioselectivity.
Distress affects animal welfare and scientific data validity. There is a lack of reports on the effects of multimodal analgesic approaches in mice. In this study, under the hypothesis that a multimodal analgesic protocol using buprenorphine with meloxicam has analgesic effects, we evaluated the effects of a multimodal analgesic protocol using buprenorphine with meloxicam on the well-being of mice during analgesic administration by changing the dosage of meloxicam. A total of 42 Slc:ICR male mice were categorized into nonsurgical and surgical groups (7 mice per group) and treated with an anesthetic (isoflurane) and analgesics (buprenorphine ± meloxicam). Analgesics were administered for 48 h after treatment. Buprenorphine (subcutaneous; 0.1 mg/kg/8 h) and meloxicam (subcutaneous; 0, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/24 h) were administered twice. Body weight, food intake, nest consolidation score, and latency to burrow were evaluated. A significant decrease in food intake was observed 24 h after treatment, while a significant increase was observed 48 h post-treatment in all groups. Body weight showed a decreasing trend but was not significantly reduced. Furthermore, stomach, duodenum, and jejunum tissues showed no morphological abnormalities. Significant differences in burrow diving scores and the latency to burrow were observed between some groups, but these were not regarded as a consequence of the surgery and/or the meloxicam dose. When buprenorphine and meloxicam were combined, administering up to 5 mg/kg/day of meloxicam for 48 h to male mice after abdominal surgery had no significant negative effects on any tested parameters. In conclusion, a multimodal analgesic protocol of buprenorphine with meloxicam is among the options for increasing well-being in mice following abdominal surgery.
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