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Background. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables the radiographic examination and evaluation of osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of various bony changes in TMJ in patients from a wide age range as well as to evaluate the CBCT findings of TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) and correlate them with age. Material and methods.The study included the CBCT images of 150 patients (43 males and 107 females) who were refferred to the Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology for the evaluation of TMJs. Each TMJ was evaluated separately for the presence of any osseous changes in the condylar head or articular fossa/eminence, and for joint space narrowing.Results. The mean age of the sample was 37.26 years (range: 10-90 years). A total of 101 (67.3%) patients presented 1 or more osseous changes. No significant differences were found between the right and left TMJs concerning the prevalence rates of osseous changes. Significant differences were found in the mean ages with regard to the absence and presence of the following findings: condylar erosion, osteophytes, loose bodies, erosion in the articular fossa, and joint space narrowing. Conclusions.Degenerative changes in TMJ may reflect an age-related bone remodeling process. Older patients may have more common findings of OA, such as condylar and articular erosion, osteophytes, loose joint bodies, and joint space narrowing.

Congenital absence of maxillary permanent canines is an extremely rare condition, which may appear as part of a syndrome or as a nonsyndromic form. Nonsyndromic canine agenesis combined with other types of tooth agenesis has occasionally been described in the literature but isolated cases are rarely observed. This report presents an isolated case of maxillary permanent canine agenesis in a healthy 18-year-old female patient and a literature review on the prevalence, etiology, and differential diagnosis of the condition.

Background Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder clinically characterized by ketoacidosis, seizures, coma, psychomotor delay, and intellectual disability. The treatment requires a life-long protein-restricted diet, rich in carbohydrates and fats, supplemented with a medical amino acid formula. Diet, oral health and general health influence each other in a vicious cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of children and young adults with MSUD in Turkey. Methods A descriptive study was conducted on patients with MSUD who applied for routine follow-up to the pediatric metabolic diseases clinic at Hacettepe University, Children's Hospital in Ankara, Turkey in a 12-month period. Patients with any other concomitant genetic diseases and acute infection were excluded. A total of twenty-five patients were enrolled and underwent oral examination including DMFT/S, dmft/s (decayed/missing/filled teeth/surfaces for deciduous and primary teeth, respectively), plaque and gingival indices. Panoramic radiographs were obtained in 12 cooperative patients. Results Mean age was 9.88 ± 5.68 s.d years. More than half of the parents had only primary school level education, and low income. Fourteen patients consumed medical formula during or right before sleep. Fourteen patients reported caries-associated pain. Gingival inflammation was present in all 15 patients who cooperated for evaluation. Seven out of twelve patients had at least one dental anomaly or alterations in mandibular morphology. Five patients had previously been treated for caries under general anesthesia. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document oral clinical and radiologic findings in patients with MSUD. Conclusions Impaired oral health was observed in this rare disease population. Regular dental referral by physicians, preventive measures and dental treatments should be included in multidisciplinary management of maple syrup urine disease to promote oral health.

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Background: Torus mandibularis (TM) is one of the most common oral exostoses. The presence of TMs has been correlated with high skeletal bone mineral density. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between TM and mandibular bone quality based on the measurement of mandibular cortical index (MCI). Materials and methods: A case-control study was designed for patients who attended the Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology at the University of Hacettepe for routine dental examination. Patients with TMs were defined as cases, and those without TMs were defined as controls. The presence of tori was assessed by visual inspection and digital palpation. MCI assessments were done based on Klemetti's classification. The associations between the presence of TMs, MCI, and the parafunctional activity were assessed. Results: The sample consisted of 80 subjects with TMs and 80 control subjects. The presence of TMs was strongly associated with the parafunctional activity (p = 0.036) and a non-eroded mandibular cortex (MCI C1, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Parafunctional activity may be a factor related to the formation or existence of TMs. The association between TMs and mandibular morphology may suggest that subjects with TMs may have a higher mandibular bone quality compared to those without TMs.

Background. The mandibular cortical index (MCI) is a measurement based on the visual assessment of changes in the morphology of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs.Objectives. The present study aimed to investigate age, gender, dental status (DS), occlusal function, and presence of torus mandibularis (TM) as variables that might have a possible effect on MCI.Material and methods. A total of 381 patients (155 men and 226 women) aged 21-84 years (mean age: 43.8 ±14.5 years) were included in this study. Age, gender and DS were recorded for each patient. The occlusal function was evaluated using the Eichner index (EI). The presence of tori was assessed by visual inspection and digital palpation. The MCI assessments were done based on Klemetti's classification (C1-C3). Statistical comparisons were performed using the χ 2 test, independent samples t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05).Results. Significant differences were observed between the MCI categories regarding age, gender, DS, EI, and TM. The likelihood of the MCI categories C2 and C3 was increased in males (odds ratio (OR) 9.33; p < 0.001), when TM was absent (OR 2.73; p < 0.001), in EI Class B (OR 2.68; p = 0.027), and in the age group 50-70 years (OR 2.5; p = 0.018). Conclusions.Morphological changes of the mandibular cortical bone are related to gender, presence of TM, occlusal function expressed as EI, and age. Słowa kluczowe: radiografia panoramiczna, morfologia warstwy korowej żuchwy, hiperplazja kości Cite asKoç N, Çağırankaya LB. Investigation of the determinants of the mandibular cortical morphology.