This study is investigating the possibility of using pinecones as additive materials to develop a water-based drilling mud. Pinecones are environmentally friendly agricultural wastes and have no practical applications. Therefore, this study is of great importance in that it highlights the investment of these natural waste materials in practical fields. The study focused on the effectiveness of pinecone powder in a water-based drilling mud. To this end, an experimental study on five types of pinecones (Austrian pinecones, Black Hills Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Norway Spruce, and White pinecones) was performed and tested to determine their ability to reduce filter loss and also the effect of those eco-friendly materials on the rheological properties and density of the mud. In the study, 26 samples of water-based mud mixed with the different types of pinecones at different concentrations based on the weight of mud sample (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt%) were used to perform the experiments. The results of the study showed that pinecones have a great ability to reduce filter loss, particularly Norway Spruce cones, which, based on this study, are considered the superior type with a concentration of 3 wt%.

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The main objective of this study is to enhance the poor performance of oil well cement in terms of mechanical properties by using pure polypropylene fibers. Polypropylene fibers were added in increasing concentrations from 0 to 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9% by weight of cement (BWOC). Rheological parameters, density, fluid loss, permeability, porosity, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were all tested. A new method for measuring the tensile strength of cement samples in the presence of a casing is also evaluated in this research. In addition, the interfacial bonding shear strength, which represents the strength of cement adhesion to the casing, was measured using a new laboratory procedure. The influence of adding polypropylene fibers on rheology, density, and fluid loss can be ignored, according to the results of the experiments. The permeability and porosity of cement samples increased as the proportion of polypropylene fibers increased, according to the findings. Further, an increase in polypropylene fibers concentration up to 0.3% BWOC led to improving the mechanical properties at different curing times. The bonding strength of the casing cement interface improved with increasing polypropylene fibers concentration up to 0.5% BWOC.