Aim:To find out the epidemiology of spinal injury in North East India.Material and Methods:This study is a retrospective hospital-based analysis of spine injury patients admitted to Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim Manipal University from July 2013 to June 2017July 2013 to June 2017.Results:During the study period 57 patients with spinal injury were admitted and treated. Out of the 57 patients, 46 (81%) were male and 11 (19%) were female. The most common mode of injury was fall from height (59.64%) followed by RTA (35.08%). Most common affected age group in this study was 20-39 years followed by 50-59 years age group. Cervical spine injury was the most common (52.63%) followed by thoracic (19.29%) spine. Most common injury found was fracture dislocation of C5-C6 level. Most common associated injury is head trauma (10.52 %) followed by chest injury and 82.45% cases had no associated trauma. Average period of hospital stay was 22.83 days with maximum period of stay was 111 days. During treatment period one patient died due to respiratory complications.Conclusion:The epidemiology of spinal injuries in Sikkim & North Eastern India is different from rest of the India and other developing countries. In present study most common cause of spine injury was fall from height followed by motor vehicle accidents. RTA was the main cause in younger age group and fall from height was more common in elderly group.
INTRODUCTIONThe scrotal swellings are one of the common problems in all age group and are commonly encountered in surgery OPD. Swellings of scrotum affect the physical well being of the patient and present with varied etiology. Since scrotum is placed outside the lower abdomen they are easily noticed by the patient himself and are also easily accessible for clinical examination by the treating doctor. Most of the scrotal swellings are cystic and the spectrum of disease consists of hydrocoele (commonest cause), haematocoele, pyocoele, chylocoele, spermatocoele, epididymal cysts and sebaceous cysts. ABSTRACTBackground: Scrotal swellings are one of the common problems in all age groups. Since these swellings are usually painless and can attain a very big size without causing much discomfort; the patients are reluctant to seek medical advice. Social stigma, embarrassment and fear of getting under the knife are the other reasons for late presentation. However in developing countries like India; the poverty, illiteracy, unawareness and poor health care facilities are the common reasons for late presentation. The objective of the study was to bring forward the volume of problem and morbidity associated with scrotal swellings in rural populations of Jharkhand, India. Methods: This study was based on the four health camps with emphasis on scrotal swellings organized in the rural areas East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Simdega districts of Jharkhand state in Eastern India between December 2015 and June 2017. Data obtained from these camps were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 1567 persons were screened for scrotal swellings in four camps; 180 (11.4%) of them found to have some scrotal pathology. Most of the cases were in the age group of 31-50 years (61.35%), scrotal swelling being main complaint. Out of the 180 cases with scrotal swelling, Primary vaginal hydrocoele was found in 78.9% (n=142); followed by sebaceous cyst and epididymal cyst. The majority of cases had symptom duration of 1 to 2 years-33.9% (n=61), followed by 2 to 5 years-23.23% (n=42); the duration of symptoms ranged from 2 weeks to 12 years. Conclusions: Although the diagnosis and treatment of scrotal swellings are relatively simple the number of patients with scrotal swellings is high, especially in the rural areas of developing countries like India. The rural health camps can be effective in decreasing the morbidities of scrotal swellings.
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