We study the energy dependent photon variability from a thermal Comptonizing plasma that is oscillating at kHz frequencies. In particular, we solve the linearised time dependent Kompaneets equation and consider the oscillatory perturbation to be either in the soft photon source or in the heating rate of the plasma. For each case, we self consistently consider the energy balance of the plasma and the soft photon source. The model incorporates the possibility of a fraction of the Comptonized photons impinging back into the soft photon source. We find that when the oscillation is due to the soft photon source, the variation of the fractional root mean sqaure (r.m.s) is nearly constant with energy and the time-lags are hard. However, for the case when the oscillation is due to variation in the heating rate of the corona, and when a significant fraction of the photons impinge back into the soft photon source, the r.m.s increases with energy and the time lags are soft. As an example, we compare the results with the ∼ 850 Hz oscillation observed on March 3, 1996 for 4U 1608-52 and show that both the observed soft time-lags as well as the r.m.s versus energy can be well described by such a model where the size of the Comptonizing plasma is ∼ 1 km. Thus, modelling of the time lags as due to Comptonization delays, can provide tight constraints on the size and geometry of the system. Detailed analysis would require well constrained spectral parameters.
Toxin II from Radianthus paumotensis (RpII) has been investigated by high-resolution NMR and chemical sequencing methods. Resonance assignments have been obtained for this protein by the sequential approach. NMR assignments could not be made consistent with the previously reported primary sequence for this protein, and chemical methods have been used to determine a sequence with which the NMR data are consistent. Analysis of the 2D NOE spectra shows that the protein secondary structure is comprised of two sequences of beta-sheet, probably joined into a distorted continuous sheet, connected by turns and extended loops, without any regular alpha-helical segments. The residues previously implicated in activity in this class of proteins, D8 and R13, occur in a loop region.
Interaction of proline with gold cluster was studied using density functional theory (DFT). Two types of mixed basis sets UB3LYP/6-311++G ∪ LANL2MB and UB3LYP/6-311++G ∪ LANL2DZ were used for optimization of complex structures. Proline interacts with gold cluster either through one anchor bond, N-Au or an anchor bond O-Au associated with a non-conventional O-H.. . Au hydrogen bond. Among these interactions, higher tendency for interaction is seen with Au cluster through amide terminal. Natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) is used to substantiate the results.
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