Autoimmune MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease accompanied by a profound lymphadenopathy that consists of CD4-8-B220+ alpha beta T cells. By the use of cross-linking experiments with radiolabeled interleukin-2 (IL-2), these abnormal T cells have been reported to constitutively express the IL-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2R beta), a signal transducing component of IL-2R, in the absence of the alpha chain (IL-2R alpha). To critically reevaluate the role of the IL-2/IL-2R pathway in the pathogenesis of lymphadenopathy we examined expression of the IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta in MRL/lpr mice by 125I-IL-2 binding analysis and also by flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against each component of the receptor. We found that, contrary to the previous report, the CD4-8-B220+ alpha beta T cells in lymph node (LN) of MRL/lpr mice were negative for both IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta expression. The lpr liver CD4-8-B220+ alpha beta T cells that had been implicated in the genesis of these abnormal LN T cells were also negative for IL-2R beta expression. Therefore, our results indicate that the IL-2/IL-2R system plays little role, if any, in the expansion of abnormal CD4-8-B220+ alpha beta T cells in MRL/lpr mice.
This paper describes the design and implementation of an imaging protocol for mobile phones. This protocol enables a user to transfer content from a mobile phone to various display devices (e.g. projector) and control content presentation (e.g. display, forward , backward, etc.) by the same mobile phone, via various network interfaces (e.g. WLAN, Bluetooth, USB and IrDA). Using the proposed protocol, a mobile phone user can realize a content presentation equivalent to that possible with a PC. To ensure interoperability with existing display devices, we set a gateway between the mobile phone and the display devices. The gateway outputs the commands accepted by the device selected to allow the mobile phone user to control the device transparently.
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