An 8-week study was conducted on the use of native tapioca starch (TS) or pre-gelatinized tapioca starch (PGTS), with or without the inclusion of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) at 0.5% on the growth, feeding efficiencies, muscle and plasma biochemical composition, intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), differential cell counts, phagocytic ability/capacity, and liver glycogen content in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Each treatment was triplicated with each replicate consisting of 10 fish (initial weight of 6.2 ± 0.3 g). The bulk density (BD), pellet durability index (PDI), water stability (WS), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and protein solubility (PS) were measured in all experimental diets. The results showed no significant (p > 0.05) growth differences among the treatments, but feed intake was significantly lowest (p < 0.05) in the PGTS diet, followed by the PGTS + IMO, while the significantly (p < 0.05) highest was in the TS treatment. Catfish fed the PG diets had significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude lipid but significantly (p < 0.05) lower crude protein and ash compared to those fed the TS diets. Both trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the PG diets. The TS + IMO diet significantly increased the white blood cells and phagocytic activity compared to the TS diet. Meanwhile, fish fed the PGTS diet had significantly (p < 0.05) lower intestinal acetic and butyric acid than all others, but the inclusion of IMO in the PGTS diet mitigated a decrease of these. The PG starch diets had significantly (p < 0.05) higher PDI, WS, WAI, and PS than the TS diets. The uncompromised growth may have been due to dietary PG starch and IMO enhancing available energy to the fish. The mitigating effect of IMO on increasing intestinal SCFA when using PG diets may have implications to disease management, but requires further investigation.
A 9-week study was conducted to compare dietary corn starch (CS) or tapioca starch (TS), with or without being pre-gelatinized (PG), on the growth, feeding efficiencies, plasma and muscle biochemistry, intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and liver glycogen of triplicate groups of 20 red hybrid tilapia (Orecohromis sp.). Various pellet characteristics were evaluated, along with their surface and cross sectional microstructure. The PG diets had significantly higher water stability, bulk density, and protein solubility, along with a smoother surface. Tilapia fed the TS diet had lower growth than had all other tilapia, but were significantly improved when diet was pre-gelatinized. In the PG treatments, intestinal SCFA significantly decreased while plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as liver glycogen, significantly increased. Fish fed the CS diet had significantly more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid than had those fed by other treatments. Pre-gelatinization may improve fish productivity and offer greater flexibility during aquafeed production.
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