The analysis of the contemporary discourse of constitutionalism in Pakistan as per the understanding of constitutionalism by Allama Muhammad Iqbal is very important. There has been a longstanding debate in Pakistan between Liberals and Conservatives regarding the nature of the constitution. The vision of Iqbal, as reflected in his lectures and poetry, can be critically analyzed and applied on the existing constitutional challenges of Pakistan. This paper will critically analyze the salient points enunciated by the intellectual work of Iqbal and will also analyze its applicability and relevance with the constitutional framework of Pakistan. The findings of this research work are based on the review of the existing intellectual work of Iqbal. This study suggests concrete reforms in the constitutional structure of Pakistan. This study can be very useful in future deliberations aiming at constitutional reforms in Pakistan in the backdrop political vision of Iqbal and how he understands constitutionalism
Local governments are not similar to independent nation-states in terms of their sovereignty. However, the superior government, by framing relevant enactments, provides power and existence to such subordinate governments. The degree of autonomy maybe determined by the interactions or structure and nature of transactions between the two or three tiers of government from case to case.Local Government Act, 1990 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) seems not an ideal piece of legislation yet entrenched from historical antecedents of reforms. Recently, certain provincial legislation promulgated in Pakistan as the regional reflection may inspire some new avenues of development in the legislative perspective. This study analyses the absurdities in the prevailing legal instrument of local government in AJK and suggests that transparency and accountability in governance, political stability, and improved revenue-based adherence to constitutional provisions can anchor the autonomy and sustainability of the local government.
This article focuses on stipulations in a Muslim marriage contract with reference to the case of the United States of America(USA). Under classical Islamic work, the majority of Jurists (Jamhur) classify those stipulations as valid or invalid. Valid stipulations are permissible because those promote the objectives of the marriage contract. Invalid stipulations are prohibited for their inconsistency with the principles of Shari'ah. Yet another category of stipulations benefiting the women could be found in a marriage contract. Interestingly,this category is neither prohibited in clear terms nor is expressly allowed. After the conclusion of a marriage contract, Jamhur restrict the insertion of subsequent stipulations, while Hanbali School allows the addition of such stipulations provided it would be of extrinsic nature.In this context, this paper attempts to determine the role and status of stipulations in marriage contracts on the criterion of its beneficial nature for wives.
The principles of accountability and transparency are fundamental and central to the bulk of United Nations (UN)Conventions and other international legal instruments. However,accountability within an institution requires in-depth impartiality, equality,and neutrality. The role of the UN and other organizations is significant,particularly for the achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG) goal16. In this context, this paper focuses on the obligations of institutions for achieving sustainable development goals 16. It aims to discuss the role of human rights-based institutions, including mechanisms, standards, and institutional arrangements, and explores their obligations. It also identifies the obligations of non state actors and argues that such actors can be managed/well-ordered with the accountability tools and guidance provided by SDG 16 for achieving accountability, peace, justice, and good governance at all levels. Finally, it discusses challenges for overall sustainable development.
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