Objective: To document the outcome of transpedicular fixation for degenerative spondylolisthesis in terms of relief from backache. Materials & Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan. Static and dynamic spinal X-rays were used to diagnose degenerative spondylolisthesis. This research looked at how patients' pain levels, neurological state, and union improved after surgery. Patients with grade 5 spondylolisthesis, having congenital spinal anomaly, or who had previous spinal surgery were excluded from the study. Results: In total 35 patients were included, 54.3% were male and 45.7% female. The primary reason for surgery was severe backache with 24 individuals having normal neurological status and 11 patients having some neurological abnormality. L5–S1was the most commonly involved level in 24 patients. Meyerding grades were used to determine the slip grade. The average duration of follow-up was two years and five months, with a maximum of five years and a minimum of six months. 83 percent of patients had pain reduction, whereas neurological improvement was achieved in 64 percent of instances and surgical union was achieved in 91 percent of cases. There was no neurological impairment in the patients treated with transpedicular fixation. Significant differences exist between preoperative and postoperative GRS scores in the following pain categories: no pain, mild, server and excruciating. Conclusion: Transpedicular fixation is a protected, simple, and successful procedure for patients with spondylolisthesis for pain relief in backache. It also contributes to surgical union and improvement in the neurological status of the patients.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the most vulnerable area in the hospital premises. Hospital acquired infections in critically ill patients as well as of transmission of infections from a patient to another patient or to the health care workers or vice versa can occur in ICU. ICUs combine physicians, nurses and allied health professionals to manage patients with life threatening single or multiple organ system failure, including stabilization after surgical interventions. It is a continuous management including monitoring, diagnosis, and support of failing vital functions as well as the treatment of the underlying disease. Here we have to discuss the source of infection and their effective control measurement in intensive care unit. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) as well with other sources is most common nosocomial infection having 33% mortality in ICU. Key words: Intensive care unit, Pneumonia, ventilator pneumonia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8218 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 78-80
Abstract:Background: The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TA) decreases blood loss in Pediatric
Objective: To evaluate the results of a minimally invasive technique performed for the most prevalent diseasewhich is not dependent on sophisticated instrumentation and results in early return to work.Material and Methods: A total of 52 patients was operated and included in the study. The record of thesepatients was collected on specified proforma.We used the retinaculotomy method performed by 3 surgeons of the same competence level.Results: Total number of patients operated was 52 Male 8 (15%) Female 44 (85%). A total of 48 (92%) patientsimproved (by 4th week in terms of VAS from 6 to 1 or 0). 9% of patients had scar tenderness which improved by 4th week in 100 % patients. Almost all the patients resumed their daily life activities by 4th week.Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that using the mini technique of retinaculotomy the complicationsassociated with the use of the classic open technique can be avoided and patients successfully treated can have an early return to their normal daily life activities.
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