Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less wireless network of autonomous collection of mobile nodes (Smart phones, Laptops, iPads, PDAs etc.). Network is self-configured to reconstruct its topology and routing table information for the exchange of data packets on the joining and leaving of each node on ad-hoc basis. This paper is based on the MANET applications and challenges. The researchers can get the overall concept of MANET as well as its applications and challenges.

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Smart Grid (SG) is an emerging paradigm of the modern world to upgrade and enhance the existing conventional electrical power infrastructure from generation to distribution to the consumers in a two-way communication fashion to automate the electrical power demand and supply and make this a cyber-physical system. SG infrastructure key elements, such as smart meters, circuit breakers, transformers, feeders, substations, control centers, grid stations, are required well-formed communication network architectures. SG infrastructure is divided into three main communication networks architectures, such as HAH, NAN, and WAN. Each of these communication network architectures requires reliable, stable, secure, high data rate at real-time with the help of different wireline and wireless communication technologies from HAN to WAN networks. To understand the complete concepts about SG, a concise review is presented and it will help the readers to get foundations of communication network architectures and technologies of SG.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a network of heterogeneous and homogeneous wireless mobile nodes to offer provisionally communication facilities to users for the exchange of data packets without having the well-established infrastructure in a limited geographical area. Resourceconstrained mobile nodes are not a permanent part of the network instead mobile nodes are individualistically can join or leave the network at any time. Network topology, connectivity of nodes and routing information change dynamically based on multi-hop routing. The main focus of this research work is to evaluate the performance of DSR, TORA reactive routing protocols and OLSR proactive routing protocol of MANET under augmentation of Nodes Density investigation based on Random Way Point (RWP) mobility model. DSR, TORA, and OLSR protocols are simulated by using OPNET modeler 14.5 by creating three different scenarios. These protocols are compared and analyzed with respect to Wireless LAN delay, Wireless LAN throughput, Wireless LAN network load, Routing traffic send and Routing traffic received.