[Kuantitas dan kualitas buah mentimun dari berbagai metode penyerbukan]. Metode penyerbukan mentimun yang berbeda dapat menyebabkan efektivitas yang berbeda dalam pembentukan buah dan, pada gilirannya, menentukan hasil akhir dan kualitas buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh penyerbukan oleh lebah T. laeviceps dan serangga penyerbuk lainnya terhadap produksi tanaman mentimun. Perlakuan yang dilakukan yaitu penyerbukan terbuka dengan bantuan T. laeviceps dan serangga penyerbuk liar, penyerbukan dengan bantuan manusia, dan penyerbukan oleh angin. Indikator yang diamati meliputi kuantitas dan kualitas hasil panen termasuk umur simpan buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerbukan terbuka dapat meningkatkan persentase pembentukan buah, kenormalan, panjang, diameter, berat, dan jumlah biji. Namun, pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyerbukan tidak mempengaruhi umur simpan buah mentimun.
Abstract. Mubin N, Kusmita AO, Rohmah A, Nurmansyah A. 2022. Estimated economic value of pollination by Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) on tomato and chili. Biodiversitas 23: 2544-2552. Insects have various roles, one of which is as pollinators. Horticultural crops such as tomatoes and chilies need the help of pollinating insects to increase productivity. The stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps, is one of the potential pollinating agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of pollination by T. laeviceps on crop production and estimated pollinating insect’ economic value. The study was conducted using a field experiment with 3 pollination treatments included pollination with the help of T. laeviceps (open pollination / OP), pollination by wind (WP), and self-pollination (SP). The estimated economic value of pollination was calculated using a bio-economic approach based on the level of dependence of the plant on pollination. The results showed that open pollination (OP) treatment by T. laeviceps increased fruit set and seed set by 2-3 times that of wind pollination and 4-5 times that of self-pollination. The open pollination treatment significantly affected on the diameter and weight of tomato fruit compared to the WP and SP treatments but not on chili. Meanwhile, open pollination can increase the length of chili fruit. OP, WP, and SP treatments had no significant effect on tomatoes and chilies’ weight loss, damage level, and hardness level. Based on tomato and chili production, the economic value of T. laeviceps was 44 times (tomato) and 20 times (chili) from self-pollination and 65 times (tomato) and 11 times (chili) from wind pollination.
Termites are social insects that play an important role in ecosystem. Habitat is a crucial factors determining diversity of termites. IPB University campus has quite diverse habitat types. In this research, we study the diversity and abundance of termite species around IPB University campus. Two methods used for data collection, i.e. baiting system with pine wood and transect survey within 10 x 10 m area. Six species of termites found belongs to two families, Termitidae (Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Microtermes insperatus, and Capritermes mohri) and Rhinotermitidae (Schedorhinotermes javanicus and Coptotermes curvignathus). The most diverse with the high abundance of these termites are found in the rubber trees area, Faculty of Fisheries (FPI) and the forest behind the main administration building, Rectorate (REK) because this area provides an abundant source of cellulose as a food source for termites. While the building areas tend to have a lower diversity and abundance index because food sources for termites are not always available due to human activities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis shows that the termites species composition is different between study area.
Paraquat dichloride is a non-selective contact herbicide currently used by farmers in Indonesia to control weeds on plantations, such as palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. There are only a few studies to date on the eco-toxicological aspects of paraquat. Therefore, the research aim was study the effect of paraquat application on soil arthropods on three commodities. The research conducted on the rice and corn fields, and oil palm plantations in two consecutive seasons. Treatments included three paraquat concentrations (4, 8, and 16 ml/l); carbendazim (2 g/l); and control, with five replicates. The number and abundance of soil arthropods observed using pitfall traps and the collection of outermost soil layers for each crop at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after application. The order number of soil arthropods collected from rice, oil palms, and corn in season 1 was 12, 13, and 16, respectively; and 10, 16, and 16 in season 2. The three most dominant groups of soil arthropods were collembola, mites, and ants. The population patterns of soil arthropods for those three commodities were similar. Paraquat was thought to be toxic to non-target organism, such as terrestrial arthropods. This research showed that paraquat had an effect on the presence and population of soil arthropods for certain time after application. However, after 8 to 12 weeks after application, the population increased slightly.
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