When discussing European colonialism throughout history, one can never deny its impact upon the traditional religion of the colonized peoples. Europeans had always considered their colonial domination as being a "civilizing mission" which was based on the Christian principles and could not be achieved without challenging the traditional religion. Such colonists, who were eager to spread their Christian faith, found that the Christian missions were the main agents for conversion. These missions started first to convert the rulers by introducing new Christian ideas and principles. Once these rulers were converted, adherence of the ordinary people was a very easy task. When so doing, the Europeans succeeded to abolish the religious fundamentals of the traditional society. For instance in Togo and Ivory Coast, Christianity succeeded to gain a footing among their peoples and had a considerable position. This was not the pattern in Northern Nigeria, because despite the imposition of a series of reforms based on the Christian principles by the British through the Indirect Rule system, Islam continued to spread during the colonial era. The objective of this research paper is to look for the factors that contributed to the propagation of Islam in spite of the dominating foreign ideology and religion. For this end, it is necessary to examine the Fulani Islamic system, the Caliphate under colonial rule and the spread of Islam under British domination .It is concluded that through the maintenance of Quranic schools, restriction in the missionaries' activities and the opening of major trade routes,
There is a general observation among officials that the conflict between cultures has been dramatically increasing. This can be related to a whole set of reasons including: cultural unawareness, prejudice, the ignorance of differences in values, norms and beliefs and the media.The module of British culture is taught at the Departments of English in the Algerian universities from the first year. Many students think that in the course of British culture, the teacher is the only performer whose duty is to give them information about the target culture. Teaching British culture does not require from the teacher transmitting only information but developing positive attitudes, skills and awareness of values of this culture (Byram, Gribkova, & Starkey, 2002). The questions which are raised here are: are we as teachers of British culture preparing our students for a successful intercultural communication? Are we helping our students to develop their cultural awareness? This research paper was carried out through a questionnaire applied to second year students in British culture in particular to assess their cultural awareness. It focusses on the role of the teacher in helping students bridging the barriers and enabling them to interact successfully with people from other cultures.
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