Le domaine de la pneumologie interventionnelle est en pleine expansion, avec des procédures endoscopiques de plus en plus complexes. Le pneumologue et le médecin anesthésiste sont deux spécialistes des voies aériennes. Lorsqu'ils coopèrent dans la réalisation des bronchoscopies souples, ils doivent partager un espace anatomique commun. Une collaboration étroite et dynamique permet d'optimiser la prise en charge en renforçant la sécurité, en facilitant la réalisation des procédures et en améliorant la satisfaction du patient. Plusieurs défis sont à relever, notamment la fragilité des patients souvent polymorbides, les conditions de travail hors bloc opératoire et la nécessité de plages d'anesthésie rapidement disponibles au vu d'indications le plus souvent semi-urgentes. Dans ce contexte, l'optimisation des procédures de collaboration est essentielle.
IntroductionHemidiaphragmatic paresis after ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block is reported to occur in up to 67% of patients. We tested the hypothesis that an injection outside the brachial plexus sheath reduces the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis compared with an intrafascial injection while providing similar analgesia.MethodsFifty American Society of Anesthesiologists I–III patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgery received a supraclavicular brachial plexus block using 30 mL of 1:1 mixture of mepivacaine 1% and ropivacaine 0.5%. The block procedures were randomized to position the needle tip either within the brachial plexus after piercing the sheath (intrafascial injection) or outside the brachial plexus sheath (extrafascial injection). The primary outcome was the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis 30 min after the injection, measured by M-mode ultrasonography. Additional outcomes included time to surgery readiness, and resting and dynamic pain scores at 24 hours postoperatively (Numeric Rating Scale, 0–10).ResultsThe incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis 30 min after the injection was 9% (95% CI 1% to 29%) and 0% (95% CI 0% to 15%) in the intrafascial and extrafascial groups respectively (p=0.14). Extrafascial injection was associated with a longer time to surgery readiness (intrafascial: 18 min (95% CI: 16 to 21 min); extrafascial: 37 min (95% CI: 31 to 42 min); p<0.001). At 24 hours, resting and dynamic pain scores were similar between groups.DiscussionUltrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with an extrafascial injection does not reduce the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis although it provides similar analgesia, when compared with an intrafascial injection. The longer time to surgery readiness is less compatible with contemporary operating theater efficiency requirements.Trial registration numberNCT03957772.
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