PET significantly improves the detection of stage IV disease in EC compared with the conventional staging modalities. PET improves diagnostic specificity for LN staging.

Esophagectomy with 3-field lymph node dissection can be performed with low mortality and acceptable morbidity. The prevalence of involved cervical nodes is high, regardless of the type and location of tumor resulting in a change of final staging specifically related to the cervical field in 12% of this series. Overall 5-year and disease-free survival after R0 resection of 41.9% and 46.3%, respectively, may indicate a real survival benefit. A 5-year survival of 27.2% in patients with positive cervical nodes in middle third carcinomas indicates that these nodes should be considered as regional (N1) rather than distant metastasis (M1b) in middle third carcinomas. These patients seem to benefit from a 3-field lymphadenectomy. The role of 3-field lymphadenectomy in distal third adenocarcinoma remains investigational.

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Highlights d Single-cell RNA-seq reveals EC heterogeneity in choroidal neovascularization d ECs display metabolic transcriptome heterogeneity in the cell cycle and quiescence d Data integration with a genome-scale metabolic model identifies angiogenic targets d SQLE and ALDH18A1 are validated as metabolic angiogenic candidates

Background-The pathology of nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis has not yet been suYciently studied. Aims-To identify the major changes of pancreatic tissue in patients surgically treated for non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Patients-Pancreatectomy specimens from 12 patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, including four patients with autoimmune or related diseases (Sjögren's syndrome, primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease), were reviewed. Methods-Morphological changes were studied histologically and immunohistochemically (to type inflammatory cells) and compared with the pancreatic alterations found in 12 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Results-In patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, with or without associated autoimmune or related diseases, pancreatic inflammation particularly involved the ducts, commonly resulting in duct obstruction and occasionally duct destruction. None of these features was seen in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis which, however, showed pseudocysts and calcifications. Conclusion-The pancreatic changes in patients with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis clearly diVer from those with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. The term chronic duct destructive pancreatitis is suggested for this type of pancreatic disease.

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These data indicate that CRT response as assessed by serial FDG-PET is strongly correlated with pathological response and survival.

FDG-PET scanning improves the clinical staging of lymph node involvement based on the increased detection of distant nodal metastases and on the superior specificity compared with conventional imaging modalities.