Abstract. Fitri L, Bessania MA, Septi N, Suhartono S. 2021. Isolation and characterization of soil actinobacteria as cellulolytic enzyme producer from Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5169-5180. Cellulolytic actinobacteria are cellulase-producing bacteria capable of degrading cellulose. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, evaluate the cellulolytic ability, and to determine physiological characterization of soil cellulolytic actinobacteria isolated from the Ujung Pancu area, Aceh Besar. Isolation of actinobacteria from soil samples was performed using serial dilution method on Yeast Malt Agar (YMA) medium. Morphological characterization was carried out by growing isolates on YMA, Oatmeal Agar (OA), and Yeast Starch Agar (YSA) media. Cellulolytic ability was determined by calculating the cellulolytic index (IS) on 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) medium after adding 0.1% congo red solution. Physiological characterization of cellulolytic actinobacteria tested in this study was salinity, pH, and carbon source in liquid Yeast Malt (liquid YM), and the growth was measured at a wavelength of 581nm. The results showed that a total of nine isolates of actinobacteria were isolated, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Cellulolytic test results showed that eight isolates had the ability to degrade cellulose. Isolates AUP-04, AUP-03, and AUP-01 had the highest cellulolytic index value. Physiological characterization results revealed that three isolates had different tolerances for salinity levels, pH, and types of carbon sources. AUP-03 isolate grew well at 10% salinity with an OD value of 0.88, isolate AUP-01 grew at 5% salinity with an OD value of 0.49, whereas isolate AUP-04 grew well on media that did not contain salinity. All three isolates grew well at pH 6 with OD values of 0.93, 1.12, and 1.27. AUP-03 and AUP-01 isolates grew well on media containing dextrose as carbon source with OD values of 0.154 and 0.17, respectively, while isolate AUP-04 grew well on glucose-containing media with an OD value of 0.22.
Wingko is semi-wet food from Indonesia made from grated coconut, glutinous rice flour, sugar and other additives that form a distinctive taste and aroma. Utilization of corn in the form of flour aims to reduce the use of glutinous rice flour as the main composition of wingko because in addition to being an economic commodity, corn contains fiber which is useful for digestion. This study aims to determine the effect of the proportion of corn flour, sticky rice flour and tapioca on the physical and chemical properties of wingko. This study uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method with the experimental design of the Central Composite Design (CCD) using 3 factors of 5 levels, namely the proportion of corn flour (43.18; 50; 60; 70; 76.82) (w / w), flour sticky rice (23,18; 30; 40; 50; 56,82) (w / w), tapioca flour (6,59; 10; 15; 20; 23,41) (w / w) are then processed using Design Expert software 7.1.5. The parameters observed were corn flour including water content, ash, starch, amylose, crude fiber and yield, in glutinous rice flour and tapioca including starch and amylose content, while in wingko products included water content, aw, starch, crude fiber and texture. The results showed that corn flour had a moisture content of 7.12%, ash 0.34%, starch 84.72%, amylose 21.22% of the total ingredients, crude fiber 1.15% and yield of 79.8%. Glutinous rice flour has a starch content of 81.98% and amylose 1.02% of the total ingredients while tapioca flour has a starch content of 78.71% and amylose 20.63% of the total ingredients. The optimum conditions of wingko products were obtained in the proportion of corn flour: sticky rice: tapioca 50:38:20 (w / w) with 23.46% moisture content, aw 0.881, starch content 50.87%, crude fiber 2.78% and texture 0.01194 mm / gs had desirability 0.831.
Kurikulum 2013 mengutamakan pendidikan yang berpusat pada peserta didik. Peserta didik harus lebih aktif dalam mengembangkan kompetensi yang dimilikinya. Pengembangan kompetensi dapat meliputi sikap, pengetahuan maupun keterampilan peserta didik, salah satu keterampilan yang dimaksud adalah keterampilan proses peserta didik. Keterampilan proses peserta didik di kelas X MIPA 2 pada pembelajaran biologi di MA Unggulan KH.Abd. Wahab Hasbullah Tambak Beras Jombang belum pernah dinilai. Penilaian dapat dilakukan melalui kinerja dalam kegiatan praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model discoveri learning melalui pembelajaran praktikum kingdom plantae terhadap keterampilan proses peserta didik di MA Unggulan KH. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah Tambak Beras Jombang. Metode penelitian jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Pre-Eksperimen Design dengan bentuk desain One-group pretest-posttest design. Pretest diberikan sebelum adanya perlakuan dan posttest diberikan setelah adanya perlakuan. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X MIPA 2 MA Unggulan KH. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah Tambak Beras Jombang dengan jumlah 33 peserta didik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan angket kinerja keterampilan proses peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan antara lain: panduan wawancara, perangkat pembelajaran, lembar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, dan lembar penilaian keterampilan proses peserta didik. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan rumus uji korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis uji korelasi product moment diperoleh nilai rhitung = 0,801 dan rtabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% α = 0,05 sebesar 0,345, maka diperoleh rhitung ˃ rtabel dengan demikian Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, data tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan pada implementasi model discovery learning dengan praktikum kingdom plantae terhadap keterampilan proses pesera didik di MA Unggulan KH. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah Tambak Beras Jombang. Kata kunci—Discovery Learning, Praktikum, Keterampilan Proses.
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