Concrete domains, especially those that allow to compare features with numeric values, have long been recognized as a very desirable extension of description logics (DLs), and significant efforts have been invested into adding them to usual DLs while keeping the complexity of reasoning in check. For expressive DLs and in the presence of general TBoxes, for standard reasoning tasks like consistency, the most general decidability results are for the so-called ω-admissible domains, which are required to be dense. Supporting non-dense domains for features that range over integers or natural numbers remained largely open, despite often being singled out as a highly desirable extension. The decidability of some extensions of ALC with non-dense domains has been shown, but existing results rely on powerful machinery that does not allow to infer any elementary bounds on the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we study an extension of ALC with a rich integer domain that allows for comparisons (between features, and between features and constants coded in unary), and prove that consistency can be solved using automata-theoretic techniques in single exponential time, and thus has no higher worst-case complexity than standard ALC. Our upper bounds apply to some extensions of DLs with concrete domains known from the literature, support general TBoxes, and allow for comparing values along paths of ordinary (not necessarily functional) roles.
Let S be a commutative semiring. M. Droste and P. Gastin have introduced in 2005 weighted monadic second order logic WMSOL with weights in S. They use a syntactic fragment RMSOL of WMSOL to characterize word functions (power series) recognizable by weighted automata, where the semantics of quantifiers is used both as arithmetical operations and, in the boolean case, as quantification. Already in 2001, B. Courcelle, J.Makowsky and U. Rotics have introduced a formalism for graph parameters definable in Monadic Second order Logic, here called MSOLEVAL with values in a ring R. Their framework can be easily adapted to semirings S. This formalism clearly separates the logical part from the arithmetical part and also applies to word functions. In this paper we give two proofs that RMSOL and MSOLEVAL with values in S have the same expressive power over words. One proof shows directly that MSOLEVAL captures the functions recognizable by weighted automata. The other proof shows how to translate the formalisms from one into the other
International audience Connection matrices for graph parameters with values in a field have been introduced by M. Freedman, L. Lovász and A. Schrijver (2007). Graph parameters with connection matrices of finite rank can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded tree-width. We introduce join matrices, a generalization of connection matrices, and allow graph parameters to take values in the tropical rings (max-plus algebras) over the real numbers. We show that rank-finiteness of join matrices implies that these graph parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded clique-width. In the case of graph parameters with values in arbitrary commutative semirings, this remains true for graph classes of bounded linear clique-width. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) showed that definability of a graph parameter in Monadic Second Order Logic implies rank finiteness. We also show that there are uncountably many integer valued graph parameters with connection matrices or join matricesof fixed finite rank. This shows that rank finiteness is a much weaker assumption than any definability assumption. Les matrices de connexion pour des fonctions sur les graphes à valeurs dans un corps ont été introduites par M. Freedman, L. Lovász and A. Schrijver (2007). Une fonctions sur les graphes ayant des matrices de connexion de rang fini peut être calculée en temps polynomial sur toute famille de graphes de largeur arborescente (”tree-width”) bornée. Nous introduisons des matrices de jointure (”join matrices”) qui généralisent les matrices deconnexion, et nous permettons aux fonctions sur les graphes de prendre leurs valeurs dans des semianneaux tropicaux réels. Nous montrons qu’une fonction sur les graphes ayant des matrices de jointure de rang fini peut être calculée en temps polynomial sur des graphes de largeur de clique (”clique-width”) bornée. Dans le cas des semi-anneaux commutatifs, cela reste vrai pour les graphes de largeur de clique linéaire bornée. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) ont montré que certaines hypothèses de definissabilité en Logique du Second Ordre Monadique concernant desopérations sur les graphes entraine la finitude des rangs. Nous exhibons un ensemble non dénombrable d’opérations ayant une matrice de connexion et des matrices de jointure de rang fini. Cela démontre que l’hypothèse de rang fini est beaucoup plus faible que l’hypothèse de definissabilité.
Hankel matrices (aka connection matrices) of word functions and graph parameters have wide applications in automata theory, graph theory, and machine learning. We give a characterization of real-valued functions on nested words recognized by weighted visibly pushdown automata in terms of Hankel matrices on nested words. This complements C. Mathissen's characterization in terms of weighted monadic second order logic.
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