Anti-larval effects of essential oil and methanolic extract obtained from leaves, stems and inflorescences of Hymenocarter longiflorus against Echinococcus granulosus were investigated and characterized with toxicological methods. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses have revealed the presence of 87 components in the essential oil of H. longiflorus. The main chemical components are α-pinene (10.16 %), 1,8-cineole (1.53 %), linalool (2.98 %), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (9.82 %), β-bourbonene (2.72 %), trans-caryophyllene (2.29 %), germacrene D (1.8 %), δ-cadenene (3.02 %), β-cadenene (1.43 %), hedycaryol (6.42 %), spathulenol (4.14 %), caryophyllene oxide (2.81 %), epicedrol (1.49 %), cis-3-hexenyl phenyl acetate (1.84 %), cubenol (1.46 %), δ-cadinol (18.49 %), β-eudesmol (4.56 %), isobutyl phthalate (1.88 %) and 2-(5-acetyl-2-furyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (1.82 %). The essential oil and the methanolic extract exhibited significant toxic activity against the larvae of E. granulosus with LC 50 values of 79.68 and 135.88 μm/ml, respectively. These results suggest that H. longiflorus is a potential source of anti-larval constituents against E. granulosus. Further studies should be carried out for larvicidal effects of this plant against other species.
In this study, biodegradation of petrochemical wastewater and production of single cell protein from it as carbon source was investigated using several process parameters. The process parameters such as carbon source, type of phosphorus source, phosphorus source concentration, type of nitrogen source, nitrogen source concentration, and temperature were considered. In order to investigate the influence of process parameters, a factorial design using Taguchi method was applied with six factors at four levels. The optimum medium composition for single cell protein production was found to contain petrochemical wastewater 8%, peptone 0.2%, and K 2 HPO 4 0.008% at temperature 37 • C. The percentage ratio of single cell protein to cell dry weight in optimal conditions was 76.4%. In conclusion, Haloarcula sp. IRU1 can degrade petrochemical wastewater and use it as carbon source for single cell protein production in different conditions.
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