Original Article introduCtionDiabetes is a well-known health burden worldwide for its spread in both developed and developing countries. Diabetes is one of the major causes of disability and death in all countries of the world. [1] Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) causes approximately 5%-10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus.Free radicals recognized are short-lived, very unstable, and extremely reactive. [2] They are formed excessively in diabetes due to glucose oxidation and nonenzymatic protein glycation. Abnormally elevated free radical levels and the simultaneous decrease of antioxidant protective mechanisms can cause damage to cellular organelles and DNA, increased lipid peroxidation, and induction of insulin resistance. [3] Since diabetes is considered as a consequence of increased in the radicals formation, the autoimmune disorder is described during excessive and accumulation of free radicals, correlated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress. [4] The leading antioxidant enzymes that are engaged in the neutralization of both reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). [5] Studies have demonstrated that SOD can be used to prevent the destructive consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS production. In diabetes, a notable increase in the CAT activity in lymphocytes was discovered in children with T1DM through all phases. Conversely, it has been reported that significant decreased CAT and significant increase Background: Oxidative stress has become the focus of interest in most biomedical disciplines and many types of clinical research. Increasing evidence from research on several diseases shows that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes and many other diseases. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the status of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes related parameters in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 110 patients (70 patients newly diagnosed diabetic and 40 healthy) were studied by evaluating the level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), nitric oxide (NO), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated. Results:The FBS and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to those of healthy participants. Higher levels of MDA and NO were observed in the diabetic group compared to those in the healthy participants. A significant decrease was observed in serum SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in the serum of T1DM patients by 16.7%, 72.8%, and 15.3%, respectively (P < 0.05), as compared with their activities in the controls. On the basis of sex, both male and female patients showed a significant reduction in antioxidant levels as compared to their respective controls. Conclusions: These results indicated that oxidative status an...
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries like Libya. Oxidative stress represents a risk factor and plays a key role at several steps of atherosclerosis. Formation of atherosclerotic plaques is the main reason for coronary artery disease. Aim: This study is aimed to assess the impact of the imbalance between body oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress) and its involvement in developing and severity of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic with and without diabetes Libyan patients. Methods: The study sample comprised of atherosclerosis with and without diabetes patients (n = 73), as well as healthy controls (n = 27). Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) as oxidative biomarker, serum selenium level, total antioxidant status (TAS) level and some antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, oxidant/antioxidant status was compared between atherosclerotic patients with and without diabetes in comparison to controls. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in MDA level among atherosclerotic patients compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.05). While the level of TAS, Cat, SOD and GPx was significantly decreased among patients compared to the controls (P < 0.05). For the atherosclerotic diabetic patients, the study was found a rise in the level of MDA as well as a marked decrease in TAS and the activity of tested antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). A good correlation was obtained between elevated MDA and decreased TAS, Cat, SOD and GPx. Conclusion: Determination of antioxidative defense markers contributes to understanding the effect of oxidative stress on the development and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Background: The mainstay of contemporary management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is "physiological insulin replacement". Regimens based on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin improve glycemic control and increase the frequency of hypoglycemia. Insulin pump therapy also improves glycemic control, and reduces the within-day and between-day glycemic variability that is seen with insulin injections. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate out first experience with insulin pump therapy by 1) assessing the glycemic control on insulin pump therapy compared to MDI based therapy and 2) to learn the attitude of patients and families towards the use of insulin pump. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study involving 37 patients who used insulin pump between March & November 2013. Patients were selected according to certain criteria set up by treating physician. Data collected included demographic, clinical and biochemical data before, during and after insulin pump therapy use. Severe hypoglycemia requiring hospital management and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were documented. Health-related quality of life, diabetes knowledge and patient's attitude towards pump therapy were captured before and after pump use. Outcome measures: Change HbA1c, occurrence of severe hypoglycemia and DKA. Change of body mass index (BMI) and difference in score results of health quality questionnaire. Results: 51.4% were males; mean age was 15 years (86.5% of them were between 2 and 22 years. About 94.4% had diabetes for a mean of 6.9 (range 1-14) years. The indications of insulin pump were high HbA1c (29.7%), wide variation of blood glucose (10.8%), severe hypoglycemia and/or hypoglycemic unawareness (18.9%), recurrent DKA (5.4%) and other indications (8.1%). However, 27.0% had a good metabolic control but multiple daily injections (MDI) was reportedly "compromising" their quality of life. The mean HbA1c level decreased from 9.1% to 7.4% (P = 0.001). The mean BMI increased from 21.2 to 22.0 kg/m 2 (P=0.026
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