This paper explores the influence of biological mechanisms in overpopulated territories on urban growth and addresses the question how biological factors correlate with economic factors, such as GDP growth, in this process. The article provides an overview of the approaches in regional economics, ethology and demography to this problem. To analyze the influence of biological and economic factors on urbanization, four hypotheses are formulated. To test these hypothesis, methods of regression analysis are applied to the statistical data of the United Nations and the World Bank for 132 countries for 1995, 2005, 2015. The analysis shows that the biological mechanisms of population reduction play a significant role in the least and less developed countries. Per capita GDP growth leads to an increase in the concentration of population in big cities (with the population of 1 million inhabitants or more). The total fertility rate varies significantly in these countries, but as the population starts to grow, fertility begins to fall gradually. In more developed countries with a high per capita GDP level, the share of urban population tends to shrink, while the total fertility rate stabilizes there at the level of ca. 1.0-2.0 births per woman.
Currently, due to the acute shortage of natural dairy products, an urgent problem is the rational use of secondary dairy raw materials in the conditions of industrial milk processing. The article provides an overview of the recipe for gluten-free bread on whey, as an example of its secondary use.
The purpose of the article is to determine the range of hotel services for corporate tourists as a tool for managing the hotel business in the post-image situation in Russia. In the course of the study, the authors analyze the statistics of the travel and tourism sector, determine the structure of visitors to collective accommodation facilities in Russia by purpose of arrival. The analysis of the segment of corporate tourists as consumers of the hotel services market was carried out, the share of business tourism in the world market of hotel services was determined; revealed the preferences of corporate tourists. The authors proposed a group of indicators of the impact of the development of corporate tourism for hotels, destinations and the local community. The results obtained show that it is advisable to develop new hotel products aimed at corporate tourists, which are a profitable segment and a key competitive factor in the hotel services market.
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