The chapter focuses on the role of fire as an environmental factor affecting the components of the forest ecosystem. The classification of forest fires according to the fire location in the forest ecosystem is given. Negative impact of fire on communities and people, components of forest ecosystems: a phytocoenosis (the forest under-growth, understory, ground cover), tocinos (animal world), klimatop (atmosphere and climate) and adatom (topography and soil) are discussed. The role of fire as a factor of organisms and natural ecosystems' evolution in general is studied. The problems of forest restoration on fires (fumes) are considered. Research established that the degree of damage to the ecosystem components and social consequences depend on the forest fire type, natural conditions, and forest conditions of the region.
In the process of forest management in a particular constituent entity of the Russian Federation, unique regional features have formed that increase the effectiveness of forest management, the multi-purpose use of forests, their conservation, protection and reproduction, due to landscape-geographical and economic reasons.The aim of the research is to analyze the prevailing spatial forest land division by example of the Tomsk region.Scientific novelty lies in the development of methodological approaches to identify the spatial forest land organization.The object of our study is the Tomsk Region forest fund lands, divided into districts, forestries and district forestries according to the principle of three-level hierarchical division. The subject of the study is the spatial characteristics of 75 local forest districts located in 26 forest districts and in 17 administrative districts of the Tomsk Region.A set of methods is applied in our research, such as: abstract-logical, analytical, cartographic and mathematical modeling. In the course of the statistical analysis it is concluded, a hierarchical structure of the territorial division of the forest fund lands has been revealed according to the principles of MAUP. It is shown that the hierarchical levels of forest management overlap, breaking the General pattern.
Arts turned to the background of the attention of public administration proceeding from the fact that our country is in a rather difficult political and economic situation. Therefore, it is not surprising that globalization processes affect the weakest, from a managerial point of view, state-building aspects. Art is the philosophical and spiritual layer of social consciousness, which is not manifested as clearly as, for example, some industrial branches, but its significance does not become less from it. The proof of the magnitude development of arts’ state management is an example of some negative globalization impact on modern Ukrainian society. Also relevant is the consideration of the conceptual public administration approaches to professional and amateur arts, their transformation into modern conditions of society development. The transformation of conceptual approaches to public administration is dedicated to a large number of studies by leading Ukrainian scholars. Each of them made a significant contribution to the state-management transformations development of almost all branches of government. The aim of the article is to consider the conceptual approaches of public administration transformation to professional and amateur arts through the analysis of scientific research of modern Ukrainian scholars. In the management there is always a public authority or its official, the other part is a citizen, or an association of citizens, an enterprise, an institution, an organization. And if in public administration a citizen is the main subject of publiclegal relations, then public administration of professional and amateur art aims more broad on the population of the country. It has been concluded that in the broad sense the state administration of art will be understood as a system of social development management. This is disclosed through the activities of public administration and local government. They are fully accountable to the public and operate in their interests, with the help of co-ordination of decisions on the development and implementation of state policy on the development of professional and amateur art.
In agricultural production, there is a change in the properties of soils and the problem of land degradation is rising. It is especially important for Iraq, whose economic well-being is in oil and agriculture. The objects of authors' study are the territories of Central Iraq; the subject of authors' research is the temporary-territorial variability of vegetation. This chapter analyzes the vegetation dynamics of the five provinces' territory of Central Iraq by determining the values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from remote sensing data in the period from 2003 to 2017. Regional features are reflected in the variability and change rate of these processes and in the valley plots occupied by vegetation of different state classes, from the total area of the province. The differences in the state classes of vegetation on the territories of Central Iraq are conditioned not by natural, but by other reasons, in particular, by the state of meliorative systems.
Quarantine was a forced measure that prevented significant losses in the early stages of the disease and prepared the medical system to combat COVID-19. Today, the medical system in most regions is ready to provide treatment for all patients in the event of new possible outbreaks of the pandemic. An integrated approach has been taken to develop measures to overcome the effects of COVID-19 and stimulate the economy. This chapter is devoted to the problems of agriculture that have arisen as a result of quarantine measures. Its main task is to find out whether the measures to counter the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the agricultural sector of the economy. The situation in the Ukrainian agrarian sector during the experience of counteracting COVID-19 is considered. The novelty of the chapter is the exchange of scientific information with colleagues from other countries for seeking further solutions to the problems caused by COVID-19. The global challenges have been quite devastating for the Ukrainian agriculture economy.
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