Учредитель -федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Основан в 1994 годуОсновным направлением деятельности журнала является публикация научных исследований, посвященных проблемам экологии человека и имеющих как фундаментальное, так и прикладное значение. В журнале публикуются оригинальные статьи, обзоры и краткие сообщения по всем аспектам экологии человека и общественного здоровья. Предназначен для публикации материалов кандидатских и докторских диссертаций.
Development of social and hygienic monitoring (SHM) system as a means of ensuring sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of the population of Russian Federation is one of the main activities of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing. The authors analyzed the current state of organization of SHM: lists of control points of human-environment factors and laboratory test findings; information collection techniques and systematization; procedural approaches to automation of data collection, processing and visualization.SHM is legally assigned to control measures, during which the interaction of state and municipal control bodies with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs is not required. The further SHM development is reported to be restrained by a number of organizational -technologic and financial- economic problems: analysis of sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing state among population has shown that according to SHM, interregional aspects are not taken into account; procedural approaches to the choice of control points and formation of environmental pollution indices lists, as well as the assessment procedure of social and economic efficiency of SHM, have not been properly worked out; the number of departments and experts specialized in SHM and responsible for it is decreasing, and etc. A model of interregional social-hygienic monitoring as a way of SHM improvement is suggested. Its aims include the quality increase of expert-and-analytical SHM data processing within the entire RF Arctic zone; consideration of factors affecting population health and having interregional character. Departments and Federal State Healthcare agencies named “Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology” in various subjects of the Russian Arctic and the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing research institutions will participate in the interregional SHM. A concept of GIS portal of the Russian Arctic based on geo-information system and aimed to improve SHM is developed. It can be a comprehensive electronic database of human-environment factors and population health state, as well as an effective instrument with spatial analysis function for the assessment of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population.
Introduction: There are currently no generally accepted criteria for ranking territories according to a set of indicators characterizing the quality of drinking water supply, which requires the development and verification of criteria for classifying regions. Objective: To develop approaches to ranking territories of the Russian Federation based on indicators characterizing the state of drinking water supply and identifying health risk areas. Materials and methods: We have analyzed tap water quality indicators and characteristics of water supply systems in 15 regions of the Russian Federation included in the Arctic zone and the Northwestern Federal District based on data retrieved from the Federal Statistical Observation Form 18 “Information on the sanitary condition in the region” for 2021. A discriminant and correlation analysis were performed to verify the correctness of area classification. Results: We ranked the study regions based on 31 tap water quality indicators. The results of the discriminant analysis showed that six regions (Novgorod Region, Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk Region, Nenets Autonomous Area, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Chukotka Autonomous Area) were risk areas, 93.3 % of the original grouped observations were classified correctly. Poor chemical indicators of tap water quality in rural areas made a significant contribution to the classification of the regions as risk territories. Discussion: The selected quality indicators of drinking water supply are appropriate and sufficient for the regional level thanks to their universality for all territories. This fact is also confirmed by a strong statistical inverse correlation between the proportion of the population provided with quality tap water from centralized water supply systems and the calculated total score characterizing the state of drinking water supply. Conclusions: The study proved correctness of the choice of indicators characterizing the quality of drinking water supply for the classification of regions. Ranking of territories will allow developing management solutions to improve the quality of drinking water and identify regions that need priority measures aimed at preserving health of the population.
Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.
Introduction. To analyze the likelihood of occurrence of adverse effects associated with human exposure to chemicals in drinking water, it is recommended to conduct an integral assessment. The purpose of the study was to assess the drinking water quality in rural areas of the Omsk region in accordance with modern methods. Materials and methods. The results of social and hygienic monitoring for drinking water quality in the Omsk region over 2018-2021 were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out, the calculation of the values of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic risk, the risk of olfactory-reflex effects, integral indicators. The percentile method was used to classify risk levels. Results. Typical polluting chemicals in the water sources in the Omsk region are resistatnt to oxidation organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese, phenols, oil products. The aggregated individual carcinogenic health risk due to exposure drinking water chemical contamination in 2018-2020 amounted to 1.70E-04, which is rated as alarming. The average multi-year growth rate over the three-year period was +17.1%, and in rural areas the average growth rate of carcinogenic risk is even higher (+27.7%). The greatest contribution to the value of the aggregated carcinogenic risk is made by arsenic and organochlorine compounds. Integral indicators (II) of drinking water ranged from 0.82 to 125.88. The group with a very high II includes settlements supplied from surface water sources (the Irtysh River, the Om River). Carcinogenic risk affects the resulting value of II to a greater extent than other components (risks). Limitations. The results of monitor ikilodrinking water production monitoring in the Omsk region were not taken into account during integral assessment in terms of chemical safety. This is due to the difficulties of collecting information, its standardization and analysis. Conclusion. Integral indicators were calculated, and the levels of the integral indicator of water in settlements in rural areas of the Omsk region were classified. Despite the advantages of the method of the assessment of II of drinking water quality, some caution is needed when using II. The reason is possible loss of information or distortion of the dynamics of concentrations of individual substances, including the most toxic and dangerous.
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