An 8-year-old boy with general pustular psoriasis (GPP) and iatrogenic secondary Cushing syndrome was treated successfully with etanercept after he had failed on acitretin, methotrexate, and methylprednisolone therapy. GPP is a severe and very rare variant of psoriasis in children often accompanied by life-threatening complications. Retinoids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, or dapsone used in a small number of case series and case reports were effective. Etanercept is a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor protein fused with Fc portion of IgG1 that binds to TNF-alpha, approved by Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in children and teens who have not responded to other psoriasis treatments. In our patient, etanercept demonstrated significant clinical response associated with long-term efficacy without acute exacerbation, excellent tolerability, and good safety profile.

The study demonstrated and confirmed that AD significantly impairs the children's quality of life in all age groups and also quality of life of their families. Such data give us patient-oriented information that is of great importance for understanding the situation of individuals with AD and its influence on members of their family.

The basic principle of the management of lymphedema is so called complex decongestive physical therapy. This therapy is divided into two phases: (i) edema reduction phase--an initial intensive treatment phase aiming for limb volume reduction; and (ii) maintenance phase--following long-term phase to sustain a manageable limb volume. The first phase consists of a number of physical therapeutic approaches which are: manual lymph drainage, pneumatic pump drainage, low-stretch bandaging, exercises, and skin care. Long-term maintenance phase consists of self-lymph drainage, low-stretch bandaging, or compressive garments, and sometimes when indicated pneumatic pump drainage, exercises, and skin care.

The study describes the case of a patient with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris accompanied by severe side-effects of combined immunosuppressive therapy, who achieved a remission of the disease with adalimumab. Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Before corticosteroids were introduced, mortality was high. Corticosteroids are currently used as first-line therapy. To reduce the dose of corticosteroids, therapeutic combinations with corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents are used. The therapy brings a number of complications due to its side effects. To achieve a remission of the disease by treating our patient with combined immunosuppressives, we administered adalimumab and achieved a very good clinical response.

We report a case of Alternaria alternata cutaneous and pulmonary infection in a 62-year-old man after heart transplantation treated by azole antifungals. Alternaria spp. belong to a group of opportunistic dematiaceous fungi with worldwide distribution. The cutaneous form of the infection in human is very rare and occurs predominantly among immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, diagnosis is often delayed or not reached at all. Appropriate treatment is not standardized and remains a matter of discussion. According to current studies, the best results are obtained with systemic azole antifungal therapy combined with surgical intervention.

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic flagellates of the genus Leishmania. The authors present a case of 44-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated successfully with infliximab. This case report shows rare visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous symptoms in an immunocompromised patient. Skin manifestations may occur before or after the visceral infection and they are often diverse.

Background.Psoriasis is now known to be associated with multiple other diseases/comorbidities -including the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal diseases which are all significantly higher in psoriasis patients. Research results however are highly variable and the conclusions are ambiguous. As no similar study has been performed to date in Czech psoriatic patients, this study aimed at identifying risk factors and early stages of selected diseases/comorbidities in the patients. Methods and Results. The study was designed as a hospital-based case-control study. 131 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis formed the cases and 267 patients with other skin disorders formed the controls. A comparison was made of basic demographic and anthropometric indicators, metabolic parameters, the presence of specific antibodies (ASCA, AEP, p-ANCA, AGC, EMA, ARA, t-TG, AGA) and non-specific signs of gastrointestinal diseases. The chi squared, MWU tests and binary logistical model were used to evaluate the data. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) for the following parameters: blood pressure, waist circumference, weight, BMI values, leucocytes values, HDL cholesterol level, glycemia and gliadine antibody IgA level. All differences were to the detriment of psoriasis patients. In the binary logistical model the following parameters were associated with psoriasis: diastolic blood pressure, leucocyte value and glycemia. For all variables included in the logistical model P≤0.001. Conclusions. The results were coherent and consistent with existing data. They indicate that psoriasis is interconnected with hypertension, higher BMI and a decreased level of HDL cholesterol. These parameters have been clearly demonstrated as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Higher levels of gliadine IgA antibodies are one of the diagnostic markers of celiac disease. Higher values of leukocytes may be interpreted as a nonspecific indicator of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. The associations between psoriasis and diastolic blood pressure, BMI value and glycemia are statistically significant in the binary logistic regression model. Care for psoriatic patients should focus especially on secondary prevention of predisposing diseases.

Východiska: Existuje mnoho studií o účinnosti HPV (human papillomavirus) vakcinace proti rozličným karcinomům, ale podstatné informace jsou publikovány v různých periodikách. Tento článek je přehledem shrnujícím současné znalosti o potenciální účinnosti HPV vakcinace proti všem HPV asociovaným karcinomům. Cíl: HPV infekce je pravděpodobně nejčastějším sexuálně přenosným onemocněním. Minimálně 13 HPV genotypů je řazeno mezi kancerogenní nebo pravděpodobně kancerogenní ve vztahu k rakovině děložního hrdla. Prakticky 100 % cervikálních karcinomů je spojeno s HPV infekcí. HPV 16 a HPV 18 jsou nejvíce zastoupenými genotypy a celosvětově způsobují celkem přibližně 70 % cervikálních karcinomů. Perzistující vysoce riziková HPV infekce je zodpovědná za významnou část karcinomů vulvy, vaginy, penisu a anu. Vir je také obviňován z onkogeneze karcinomů hlavy a krku, včetně orofaryngeálních karcinomů. HPV infekce může hrát důležitou roli v karcinogenezi nádorů plic, jícnu, prsu a kolorektálního karcinomu. Na druhou stranu, výsledky dosud publikovaných studií naznačují, že karcinogeneze nádorů prostaty nemá souvislost s HPV infekcí. Vysoká dominance genotypu HPV 16 je uváděna pro všechny HPV asociované malignity. Předpokládá se, že přibližně 5,2 % všech zhoubných nádorů je spojeno s infekcí onkogenními lidskými papilomaviry. V současnosti jsou na trhu dvě vakcíny, kvadrivalentní Silgard® (Gardasil®) a bivalentní Cervarix TM. Rozsáhlé studie ukázaly u obou vakcín významnou účinnost proti HPV infekcím a s nimi asociovaným onemocněním. Účinnost byla velmi vysoká převážně proti vakcinovaným genotypům u HPV naivních jedinců. HPV vakcinace je určena pro prevenci cervikálního karcinomu, nicméně její potenciál je v prevenci všech HPV asociovaných karcinomů. ČR patří mezi státy, kde je očkování proti HPV hrazeno pro dívky ve věku 13-14 let ze zdravotního pojištění. Celkový dopad tohoto očkování zatím není stanoven. Diskutovány jsou novinky o roli HPV v onkogenezi a potenciální efekt HPV vakcinace proti nongenitálním karcinomům ve vztahu s HPV infekcí. Závěr: Přibližně 5,2 % všech lidských karcinomů je spjato s onkogenní infekcí lidským papilomavirem. HPV vakcinace proti nejrizikovějším HPV genotypům může způsobit významnou redukci těchto malignit převážně u HPV naivní populace. Klíčová slova lidský papilomavirus-rakovina anu-rakovina penisu-karcinomy hlavy a krku-rakovina jícnu-rakovina plic-kolorektální karcinom-rekurentní respiratorní papilomatóza Práce byla podpořena grantem IGA MZ ČR č. NT14079-3/2013 a projektem PRVOUK-P27/ /LF1/1.