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Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most common electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells. Herein, we conducted a comparative study on the densification behavior of three different kinds of commercial 8 mol% YSZ powders: (i) TZ-8Y (Tosoh, Japan), (ii) MELox 8Y (MEL Chemicals, UK), and (iii) YSZ-HT (Huatsing Power, China). The comparison was made on both the selfsupporting pellets and thin-film electrolytes coated onto a NiO-YSZ anode support. For the pellets, MELox 8Y showed the highest densification at lower sintering temperatures with 93% and 96% of the theoretical density at 1250 and 1300 ℃, respectively. Although YSZ-HT showed a higher sintering rate than TZ-8Y, a sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ was required for both the powders to reach 95% of the theoretical density. For the thin-film electrolytes, on the other hand, YSZ-HT showed the highest sintering rate with a dense microstructure at a co-sintering temperature of 1250 ℃. Our results indicate that besides the average particle size, other factors such as particle size distribution and post-processing play a significant role in determining the sintering rate and densification behavior of the YSZ powders. Additionally, a close match in the sintering shrinkage of the electrolyte and anode support is important for facilitating the densification of the thin-film electrolytes.

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 disease, has highlighted our urgent need for sensitive, fast and accurate diagnostic technologies. In fact, one of the main challenges for flatting COVID-19 spread charts is the ability to accurately and rapidly identify asymptomatic cases that result in spreading the virus to close contacts. SARS-CoV-2 virus mutation is also relatively rapid, which makes the detection of COVID-19 diseases still crucial even after the vaccination. Conventional techniques, which are commercially available have focused on clinical manifestation, along with molecular and serological detection tools that can identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus however, owing to various disadvantages including low specificity and sensitivity, a quick, low cost and easy approach is needed for diagnosis of COVID-19. Scientists are now showing extensive interest in an effective portable and simple detection method to diagnose COVID-19. There are several novel methods and approaches that are considered viable advanced systems that can meet the demands. This study reviews the new approaches and sensing technologies that work on COVID-19 diagnosis for easy and successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Freeze casting is an established method for fabricating porous ceramic structures with controlled porosity and pore geometries. Herein, we developed a novel freeze casting and freeze drying process to fabricate tubular anode supports for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Freeze casting was performed by injecting aqueous anode slurry to a dual‐purpose freeze casting and freeze drying mold wrapped with peripheral coils for flowing a coolant. With the use of an ice barrier layer, proper control of the experimental setup, and adjustments in the drying temperature profile, complete drying of the individual anode tubes was achieved in 4 hours. The freeze‐cast anode tubes contained radially aligned columnar pore channels, thus significantly enhancing the gaseous diffusion. SOFC single cells with conventional Ni/yttria‐stabilized zirconia/strontium‐doped lanthanum manganite materials were prepared by dip coating the thin functional layers onto the anode support. Single cell tests showed that the concentration polarization was low owing to the highly porous anode support with directional pores. With H2/N2 (1:1) fuel, maximum power densities of 0.47, 0.36, and 0.27 W/cm2 were recorded at 800°C, 750°C, and 700°C, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using freeze casting to obtain tubular SOFCs with desired microstructures and fast turn‐around times.

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CH 4 /CO 2-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and CH 4-SOFC have been studied at 750, 800 and 850 °C using a Ni anode, which is comprised of a porous Ni/ScSZ (Scandium-Stabilized Zirconia) catalyst interlayer and a porous Ni/YSZ (Yttrium-Stabilized Zirconia) anode support. CH 4 /CO 2-SOFC denotes direct feeding CH 4 /CO 2 to the anode chamber; and CH 4-SOFC denotes direct feeding CH 4. At open circuit, CH 4 /CO 2-SOFC gave a lower anode activation loss (i.e., polarization) than CH 4-SOFC. Analysis of product profiles revealed that CH 4-and CH 4 /CO 2-SOFC produced electricity from different reaction pathways. The performance of an anodesupported CH 4 /CO 2-SOFC was diffusion-limited at temperatures above 800 °C. H 2 /CO produced from CH 4 dry reforming on the Ni/YSZ support became limiting reactants for electrochemical oxidation on the Ni/ScSZ catalyst interlayer. Electrochemical oxidation of CO is more diffusion-limited than that of H 2 because of its molecular size.