Introduction: Postpartum Depression is one of the commonest complications of the postpartum period. In Cameroon, little is known about this condition. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors for postpartum depression. Methodology: The study was carried out at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, from November 4th 2013 to April 4th 2014. All the women between the 4th and 6th week after birth who gave their consent were included. A pretested questionnaire including demographic, psychosocial, maternal and infant variables as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was filled. A woman with an EPDS score ≥12 was considered having postpartum depression, while a score < 12 ruled out a postpartum depression. Results: We recruited 214 women, among whom 50 had an EPDS score ≥ 12, giving a prevalence of 23.4% of postpartum depression. After multivariate analysis, the risk factors of postpartum depression were: lack of satisfaction in the marital relationship, recent financial problems, recent conflicts with the partner, baby blues, difficulties in feeding the baby and problems with the baby's sleep. Conclusion: Postpartum depression is common and associated to specific risk factors in our setting.