Recurrent bacterial meningitis in children is potentially life-threatening and induces psychological trauma to the patients through repeated hospitalization. Here we report a case of recurrent meningitis in a one month old baby. The CSF and blood culture grew Salmonella enteritidis. Injection ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were given for 3 weeks. Baby became symptomatically better and was afebrile at discharge. Twenty eight days after discharge baby got readmitted with complaints of fever and refusal of feeds. Blood and CSF culture again showed growth of Salmonella enteritidis. Physicians should be educated about the possibility of recurrence which may occur days or even weeks after apparent successful antibiotic treatment.
Background and Objective: Thalassemia major or βeta-thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder, necessitating continuous blood transfusions. Frequent blood transfusions often result in the development of hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and many other infectious diseases. Incidence of infection of viral hepatitis in thalassemia patients is majorly associated with infections in the donor population. The objective of this study was to ascertain the frequency of HCV infection in patients with thalassemia in Pakistan.Methods: This study was conducted from January 2015 to September 2018 in various sections of Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan. A total number of 439 patients were enrolled in this study, samples of blood from the patients were collected and their Anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); HCV-RNA genome presentation was assessed by HCV-nested-real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the confirmation.Results: It was found that major population of the thalassemia patients were male (63%). While the female thalassemia population was almost twice in Sindh province as compared to Punjab. In present study, n = 187 were detected positive among those n = 168 were confirmed by PCR. Only 47% thalassemia patients were found vaccinated against hepatitis B whereas all HCV positive patients were not vaccinated, and (84.96%) thalassemia patients were from the family of first cousin marriage. The patients which are not vaccinated also had significant chance to acquire the viral infection (P < 0.001). Moreover there could be some gender and environmental or geographical factors associated with thalassemia that are yet to be explored in detail.
Conclusion:Thalassemia patients carry major risk for acquiring transfusion associated infection.
Background and Objective:The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde (HCHO) are widely concerned due to their harmful impact on human health by productionof photochemical smog and ozone and have great impacton air quality. High air pollution level in urban areas is one of the major concerns therefore, there is need to develop cost-effective devices for measurement of VOCs in the environment. The objective of the study was to quantify the levels of these hazardous chemicals in air in major areas of Lahore.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A new multi-item pollution monitoring device (Life Basis DM 106 A) was used to carry out the readings. The areas targeted were busy areas of Lahore including Jail Road,
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