This current research investigates the impact of Autocratic and Democratic Leadership style on job satisfaction in private and public school. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed and validated. There were twenty three items in all. The items were based on five point scale ( from almost always to almost never).The data were collected from two hundred and five (205) teachers of both public and private schools (one hundred and five public school teachers and one hundred private school teachers). For statistical analysis Mean, Standard Deviation, T-Test, ANOVA, Co relation and Regression Analysis were used. It was found that Leadership style has a positive impact on job satisfaction and public teachers have high level of job satisfaction rather than private teachers.
This research investigates the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among University teachers in Pakistan. Data were collected from 400 respondents from cross sectional method from all four provinces by using simple random technique. The determinants of job stress that have been examined under this study include, management role, relationship with others, workload pressure, homework interface, role ambiguity, and performance pressure. The sample consists of public universities in Pakistan. The results show there is a significant relationship between four of the constructs tested. The results also show that there is significant negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. It was revealed that 70 percent of the faulty members are not satisfied from their salaries. Job stress has negative impact on their health.
The Internet of Services is commonly referred to as the underlying platform for realizing ad-hoc value networks in the web. In the case of decentralized service discovery, brokerage, or community feedback, there emerge a number of service information challenges that have to be addressed. In this paper, we propose to counter such service information challenges by two artifacts. First, we contribute a Service Ontology as a consistent and holistic way of capturing service information. The ontology is constructed in an interdisciplinary and collaborative way and formalized with W3C Semantic Web recommendations. Second, we provide for the methodological aspects around the ontology including a governance framework and guidelines for interlinking information.
The aim of this study is to investigate the main causes of stress for employees working in different industries in Sukkur and their vicinity. Stress is taken as dependent variable whereas independent variables are categorized into extra-organizational and intra-organizational stressors. Data were collected from different sectors such service, manufacturing and distribution including banks, insurance companies, manufacturing (LU Continental Biscuit Factory Sukkur and Engro Foods) and distribution (Medicine distribution firms). Data were collected through self-administrative questionnaire consisting of 20 questions. Respondents were only the employees working at operational level. From the results it was quite clear that employees working in different areas feel great stress, there were different causes due to which employee experience stress. Findings have been classified into extra-organizational and intra-organizational stressors. Extra-organizational stressors include variables such as climate, economic conditions and employee family, whereas intra-organizational stressors include variables such as company policies, working conditions, and leadership, workload and office timings. According to results 33% of overall stress is caused by factors outside organization whereas 67% stress is due to internal factors. It was also found that major cause of stress is workload (25%) because employees are been utilized more than their capabilities, second major cause for stress is timings (16%) as employees work for long hours, next cause for stress is climate (11%) as employees especially from distribution side have to go outside offices to meet their clients and customers so hot weather, traveling distances and transportation system really give them tough time which result in stress. Next stressor is leadership as leader-employee relationship is needed to be very good but according to some employees their bosses do not behave well due to which they feel stressed. Other causes include economic, family, company policies and working conditions with percentage of 11%, 8%, 7% and 7% respectively.
Business Webs apply the idea of value networks to the WWW. The underlying delivery platform is commonly referred to as the Internet of Services and will certainly have to deal with a great variety and amount of information about services along several service information dimensions. As soon as brokerage, discovery, or community feedback parts are decentralized, there emerge a number of service information challenges (modeling the information in a holistic way, documentation, interlinkage, tool interoperability, distributed querying, inconsistent information, and cooperation of different stakeholders). In this paper, we propose to counter such service information challenges by two artifacts. First, we contribute a Service Ontology based on a sound and rigid foundational ontology. The Service Ontology provides a holistic and consistent way of capturing service information. We apply the recommendations of the W3C Semantic Web Activity whose recent standardization has already opened new possibilities for tool interoperability, interlinkage of information, and distributed querying on the web. However, building and prescribing an ontology in standardized languages is not enough to address all service information challenges. Therefore, as a second contribution, we provide a method around the ontology including a governance framework, guidelines for applying the W3C Semantic Web recommendations, a lifecycle-spanning tool chain, and different levels of applicability. We label our method Semantic Business Web approach, since we build on W3C Semantic Web standards, use and extend them in the Business Web setting. Both artifacts are constructed in an interdisciplinary way by experts participating in the German lighthouse project THESEUS/TEXO. The project's scenario also serves as a proof of concept evaluation of the artifacts
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