Administration (intubation) of cypermethrin to adult male mice for 6 and 12 weeks on alternate day in 3 dose levels,1.38, 2.76 and 5.52 mg/kg body weight (bw) corresponding to 1/476, 1/238 and 1/119 of LD 50 dose respectively, caused degeneration of germinal epithelium, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease in i) weight of the body, testes and epididymis, ii) diameter of the seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts and iii) serum levels of testosterone these parameters were restored to control levels, six weeks after cessation of 1.38 mg/kg bw treatment (both durations) but not after 5.52 mg/kg bw treatment within the same period. The results reveal for the first time that chronic exposure even to 5.52 mg/kg bw i.e. up to 1/119 of LD 50 induces histopathological alterations and impairment in spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities of the testis which are not reversible within a period of 6 weeks.
Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppression agent used frequently in fields of organs transplantation and autoimmune diseases. However, CsA-induced kidney injury is a major clinical problem associated with CsA therapy in which the conceivable accountable mechanism is oxidative stress (OS). The present study evaluated the protective and ameliorated effects of fucoidan (FU) as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent against CsA-induced kidney injury. Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was served as a control group that administered olive oil orally and normal saline subcutaneously, the second group (CA) was treated with CsA orally, and the third group (CA + FU) was treated with CsA orally in concomitant with FU subcutaneously. Experimental animals were sacrificed 20 days following the treatment period and serum samples were analyzed for creatinine test. The homogenate of renal tissues was prepared for OS assessment. Light and ultrastructure microscopic kidney sections were prepared for histopathological examination. Results: Treatment of rats with CsA alone produced a significant increase in the levels of creatinine, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whereas the level of glutathione reduced (GSH) was decreased. Some histopathological changes of the kidney tissue including tubular epithelial hypertrophy, vacuolizations, necrotic glomerulus cell, capillaries network shrinking, vascular congestion, interstitial infiltration, loss of apical microvilli, and deteriorated mitochondria were observed in CA group. Concomitant FU administration with CsA enhanced renal function, as indicated by the low level of creatinine. Moreover, FU ameliorated the oxidative status in kidney tissue as well as it provided histological protection against CsA-induced kidney injury. Conclusion: FU can develop a protective mechanism against kidney injury induced by CsA that mediated by OS.
هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تقييم قدرة مضادات الأكسدة; عسل السدر والزنك (منفصلة ومجتمعة) لمدة 30 يوماً في التخفيف من الأضرار الكبدية والكلوية والدموية المحدثة بالمبيد الحشري الإيميداكلوبريد في الجرذان. معاملة الجرذان بالإيميداكلوبرايد عن طريق الفم أدت إلى زيادة معنوية في نشاط إنزيمات الكبد (AST & ALT) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا, حمض اليوريك والكرياتينيين), ومستويات الدهون (الكوليسترول الكلي, الدهون الثلاثية و الدهون منخفضة الكثافة), صاحب ذلك انخفاض معنوي في مستوى البروتين الكلي والألبيومين والدهون مرتفعة الكثافة, بالإضافة إلى ذلك انخفاض معنوي في عدد كريات الدم الحمراء والصفائح الدموية ومستوى الهيموجلوبين مع زيادة معنوية في عدد كريات الدم البيضاء, وكشفت المقاطع النسيجية للكبد والكلى أضراراً كبيرةً بعد معاملتها بالإيميداكلوبريد. من ناحية أخرى, أدى النظام الغذائي المكمل لكلٍ من عسل السدر والزنك بجرعة منخفضة (منفصلة ومجتمعة) عند استخدامهما كمرافق وقائي إلى تحسين الآثار الضارة للإيميداكلوبريد على كل المؤشرات الكيموحيوية والنسيجية المدروسة, والذي قد يكون عائداً لخصائصها المضادة للأكسدة وقدرتها على كسح الجذور الحرة, في حين أن المعاملة بالزنك بجرعة عالية لوحده أو في تركيبة مع عسل السدر سبب آثاراً سلبية على الكبد, وبالتالي هنالك حاجة إلى المزيد من الدراسات لتحديد الجرعات المناسبة من العسل والزنك كمضادات للأكسدة بدون آثار جانبية.
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